{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/turning-your-weakness-into-a-strength","title":"Turning Your Weakness Into a Strength: Watermarking Deep Neural Networks by Backdooring","arxiv_id":"1802.04633","date":"2018-02-13","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yossi Adi","Carsten Baum","Moustapha Cisse","Benny Pinkas","Joseph Keshet"],"abstract":"Deep Neural Networks have recently gained lots of success after enabling\nseveral breakthroughs in notoriously challenging problems. Training these\nnetworks is computationally expensive and requires vast amounts of training\ndata. Selling such pre-trained models can, therefore, be a lucrative business\nmodel. Unfortunately, once the models are sold they can be easily copied and\nredistributed. To avoid this, a tracking mechanism to identify models as the\nintellectual property of a particular vendor is necessary.\n  In this work, we present an approach for watermarking Deep Neural Networks in\na black-box way. Our scheme works for general classification tasks and can\neasily be combined with current learning algorithms. We show experimentally\nthat such a watermark has no noticeable impact on the primary task that the\nmodel is designed for and evaluate the robustness of our proposal against a\nmultitude of practical attacks. Moreover, we provide a theoretical analysis,\nrelating our approach to previous work on backdooring.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04633v3","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.04633v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"turning-your-weakness-into-a-strength","repo_url":"https://github.com/adiyoss/WatermarkNN","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"unanswered"}},{"paper_slug":"turning-your-weakness-into-a-strength","repo_url":"https://github.com/ssg-research/falseclaims","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"classification","task_name":"General Classification"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/1802.04633","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1802.04633","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1802.04633"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/adiyoss/WatermarkNN","reach":{"status":"unanswered"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/ssg-research/falseclaims","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_violates":1},"by_repo_kind":{"listed":{"samples":1,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"75aa983c2dcbfcdd","entry":"t_or_f","repo":"ssg-research/falseclaims","repo_kind":"listed","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/ssg-research/falseclaims/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_violates","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"VIOLATES","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"75aa983c2dcbfcdd"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}