{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/transformer-based-acoustic-modeling-for","title":"Transformer-based Acoustic Modeling for Hybrid Speech Recognition","arxiv_id":"1910.09799","date":"2019-10-22","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yongqiang Wang","Abdel-rahman Mohamed","Duc Le","Chunxi Liu","Alex Xiao","Jay Mahadeokar","Hongzhao Huang","Andros Tjandra","Xiaohui Zhang","Frank Zhang","Christian Fuegen","Geoffrey Zweig","Michael L. Seltzer"],"abstract":"We propose and evaluate transformer-based acoustic models (AMs) for hybrid speech recognition. Several modeling choices are discussed in this work, including various positional embedding methods and an iterated loss to enable training deep transformers. We also present a preliminary study of using limited right context in transformer models, which makes it possible for streaming applications. We demonstrate that on the widely used Librispeech benchmark, our transformer-based AM outperforms the best published hybrid result by 19% to 26% relative when the standard n-gram language model (LM) is used. Combined with neural network LM for rescoring, our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results on Librispeech. Our findings are also confirmed on a much larger internal dataset.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09799v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.09799v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"language-modeling","task_name":"Language Modeling"},{"task_slug":"language-modelling","task_name":"Language Modelling"},{"task_slug":"speech-recognition","task_name":"Speech Recognition"},{"task_slug":"speech-recognition-1","task_name":"speech-recognition"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"am","method_name":"AM"},{"method_slug":"absolute-position-encodings","method_name":"Absolute Position Encodings"},{"method_slug":"adam","method_name":"Adam"},{"method_slug":"attention","method_name":"Attention"},{"method_slug":"bpe","method_name":"BPE"},{"method_slug":"dense-connections","method_name":"Dense Connections"},{"method_slug":"dropout","method_name":"Dropout"},{"method_slug":"label-smoothing","method_name":"Label Smoothing"},{"method_slug":"layer-normalization","method_name":"Layer Normalization"},{"method_slug":"linear-layer","method_name":"Linear Layer"},{"method_slug":"multi-head-attention","method_name":"Multi-Head Attention"},{"method_slug":"position-wise-feed-forward-layer","method_name":"Position-Wise Feed-Forward Layer"},{"method_slug":"relu","method_name":"ReLU"},{"method_slug":"residual-connection","method_name":"Residual Connection"},{"method_slug":"softmax","method_name":"Softmax"},{"method_slug":"transformer","method_name":"Transformer"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/speech-recognition-on-librispeech-test-clean","task":"Speech Recognition","dataset":"LibriSpeech test-clean","model":"Hybrid + Transformer LM rescoring","rank_in_archive_order":34,"of":64,"metrics":{"Word Error Rate (WER)":"2.26"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/speech-recognition-on-librispeech-test-other","task":"Speech Recognition","dataset":"LibriSpeech test-other","model":"hybrid + Transformer LM rescoring","rank_in_archive_order":28,"of":53,"metrics":{"Word Error Rate (WER)":"4.85"},"uses_additional_data":true}],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1910.09799","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}