{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/towards-generalizable-tumor-synthesis","title":"Towards Generalizable Tumor Synthesis","arxiv_id":"2402.19470","date":"2024-02-29","proceeding":"CVPR 2024 1","authors":["Qi Chen","Xiaoxi Chen","Haorui Song","Zhiwei Xiong","Alan Yuille","Chen Wei","Zongwei Zhou"],"abstract":"Tumor synthesis enables the creation of artificial tumors in medical images, facilitating the training of AI models for tumor detection and segmentation. However, success in tumor synthesis hinges on creating visually realistic tumors that are generalizable across multiple organs and, furthermore, the resulting AI models being capable of detecting real tumors in images sourced from different domains (e.g., hospitals). This paper made a progressive stride toward generalizable tumor synthesis by leveraging a critical observation: early-stage tumors (< 2cm) tend to have similar imaging characteristics in computed tomography (CT), whether they originate in the liver, pancreas, or kidneys. We have ascertained that generative AI models, e.g., Diffusion Models, can create realistic tumors generalized to a range of organs even when trained on a limited number of tumor examples from only one organ. Moreover, we have shown that AI models trained on these synthetic tumors can be generalized to detect and segment real tumors from CT volumes, encompassing a broad spectrum of patient demographics, imaging protocols, and healthcare facilities.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19470v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.19470v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"towards-generalizable-tumor-synthesis","repo_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"NOASSERTION"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"computed-tomography-ct","task_name":"Computed Tomography (CT)"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"diffusion","method_name":"Diffusion"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2402.19470","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.19470"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"NOASSERTION"}}],"summary":{"ran_fixture":2,"ran":14,"unverified":2},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":18,"ran":16,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":18,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"085a09050f4f41dc","entry":"accuracy","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/vq_gan_3d/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/vq_gan_3d/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"085a09050f4f41dc"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"70698c5fe120f421","entry":"cal_dice","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/validation.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/validation.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"70698c5fe120f421"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"07043f3ace7177ab","entry":"convert_to_one_hot","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/monai_trainer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/monai_trainer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"07043f3ace7177ab"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6c95446c815084ec","entry":"denoise_pred","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/monai_trainer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/monai_trainer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6c95446c815084ec"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"410fbb32ddfdaca8","entry":"denoise_pred","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/validation.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/validation.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"410fbb32ddfdaca8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"4e1d4b9bcdc61f5b","entry":"gaussian3D","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"4e1d4b9bcdc61f5b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6559d70c3f313d85","entry":"get_key","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/dataset/dataloader.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/dataset/dataloader.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6559d70c3f313d85"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ee01970e6c878923","entry":"json_get_fold","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/monai_trainer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/monai_trainer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ee01970e6c878923"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9f710a614e2cc88c","entry":"nms","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9f710a614e2cc88c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b719f1906ccb83c4","entry":"organ_region_filter_out","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/validation.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/validation.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b719f1906ccb83c4"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a1937ea90f8220f0","entry":"pixel2voxel","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"data_transfer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/data_transfer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a1937ea90f8220f0"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"33a43dfeaccb0afc","entry":"readh5","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"data_transfer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/data_transfer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"33a43dfeaccb0afc"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"791774067a83bf99","entry":"shift_dim","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/vq_gan_3d/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/vq_gan_3d/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"791774067a83bf99"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0b236b9257872086","entry":"size2r","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/postprocess.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/postprocess.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0b236b9257872086"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"5074ac56a714ceaa","entry":"voxel2R","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"data_transfer.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/data_transfer.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5074ac56a714ceaa"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"318be1097f3f302c","entry":"voxel2mm","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP3.SegmentationModel/postprocess.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP3.SegmentationModel/postprocess.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"318be1097f3f302c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"86282b7f90be63f2","entry":"gaussian2D","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"86282b7f90be63f2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9f28796c8276d371","entry":"view_range","repo":"mrgiovanni/difftumor","repo_kind":"official","path":"STEP1.AutoencoderModel/vq_gan_3d/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/mrgiovanni/difftumor/blob/HEAD/STEP1.AutoencoderModel/vq_gan_3d/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9f28796c8276d371"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}