{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/time-efficient-high-resolution-3t-whole-brain-1","title":"Time-efficient, high-resolution 3T whole-brain relaxometry using Cartesian 3D MR-STAT with CSF suppression","arxiv_id":"2403.15379","date":"2024-03-22","proceeding":null,"authors":["Hongyan Liu","Edwin Versteeg","Miha Fuderer","Oscar van der Heide","Martin B. Schilder","Cornelis A. T. van den Berg","Alessandro Sbrizzi"],"abstract":"Purpose: Current 3D Magnetic Resonance Spin TomogrAphy in Time-domain (MR-STAT) protocols use transient-state, gradient-spoiled gradient-echo sequences that are prone to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsation artifacts when applied to the brain. This study aims at developing a 3D MR-STAT protocol for whole-brain relaxometry that overcomes the challenges posed by CSF-induced ghosting artifacts. Method: We optimized the flip-angle train within the Cartesian 3D MR-STAT framework to achieve two objectives: (1) minimization of the noise level in the reconstructed quantitative maps, and (2) reduction of the CSF-to-white-matter signal ratio to suppress CSF signal and the associated pulsation artifacts. The optimized new sequence was tested on a gel/water-phantom to evaluate the accuracy of the quantitative maps, and on healthy volunteers to explore the effectiveness of the CSF artifact suppression and robustness of the new protocol. Results: A new optimized sequence with both high parameter encoding capability and low CSF intensity was proposed and initially validated in the gel/water-phantom experiment. From in-vivo experiments with five volunteers, the proposed CSF-suppressed sequence shows no CSF ghosting artifacts and overall greatly improved image quality for all quantitative maps compared to the baseline sequence. Statistical analysis indicated low inter-subject and inter-scan variability for quantitative parameters in gray matter and white matter (1.6%-2.4% for T1 and 2.0%-4.6% for T2), demonstrating the robustness of the new sequence. Conclusion: We presented a new 3D MR-STAT sequence with CSF suppression that effectively eliminates CSF pulsation artifacts. The new sequence ensures consistently high-quality, 1mm^3 whole-brain relaxometry within a rapid 5.5-minute scan time.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.15379v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.15379v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"time-efficient-high-resolution-3t-whole-brain-1","repo_url":"https://gitlab.com/hongyanliu/3d-mr-stat-brain","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}