{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/the-thermal-and-gravitational-energy","title":"The thermal and gravitational energy densities in the large-scale structure of the Universe","arxiv_id":"2007.01679","date":"2020-07-03","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yi-Kuan Chiang","Ryu Makiya","Eiichiro Komatsu","Brice Ménard"],"abstract":"As cosmic structures form, matter density fluctuations collapse gravitationally and baryonic matter is shock-heated and thermalized. We therefore expect a connection between the mean gravitational potential energy density of collapsed halos, $\\Omega_{W}^{\\rm halo}$, and the mean thermal energy density of baryons, $\\Omega_{\\rm th}$. These quantities can be obtained using two fundamentally different estimates: we compute $\\Omega_{W}^{\\rm halo}$ using the theoretical framework of the halo model which is driven by dark matter statistics, and measure $\\Omega_{\\rm th}$ using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect which probes the mean thermal pressure of baryons. First, we derive that, at the present time, about 90% of $\\Omega_{W}^{\\rm halo}$ originates from massive halos with $M>10^{13}\\,M_\\odot$. Then, using our measurements of the SZ background, we find that $\\Omega_{\\rm th}$ accounts for about 80% of the kinetic energy of the baryons available for pressure in halos at $z\\lesssim 0.5$. This constrains the amount of non-thermal pressure, e.g., due to bulk and turbulent gas motion sourced by mass accretion, to be about $\\Omega_{\\rm non-th}\\simeq 0.4\\times 10^{-8}$ at $z=0$.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.01679v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.01679v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"the-thermal-and-gravitational-energy","repo_url":"https://github.com/komatsu5147/OmegaGrav.jl","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}