{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/the-gaia-kepler-stellar-properties-catalog-ii","title":"The Gaia-Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog. II. Planet Radius Demographics as a Function of Stellar Mass and Age","arxiv_id":"2005.14671","date":"2020-05-29","proceeding":null,"authors":["Travis A. Berger","Daniel Huber","Eric Gaidos","Jennifer L. van Saders","Lauren M. Weiss"],"abstract":"Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using Gaia Data Release 2 by Berger et al. (2020), we re-compute Kepler planet radii and incident fluxes and investigate their distributions with stellar mass and age. We measure the stellar mass dependence of the planet radius valley to be $d \\log R_{\\mathrm{p}}$/$d \\log M_\\star = 0.26^{+0.21}_{-0.16}$, consistent with the slope predicted by a planet mass dependence on stellar mass ($0.24-0.35$) and core-powered mass-loss (0.33). We also find first evidence of a stellar age dependence of the planet populations straddling the radius valley. Specifically, we determine that the fraction of super-Earths ($1-1.8 \\mathrm{R_\\oplus}$) to sub-Neptunes ($1.8-3.5 \\mathrm{R_\\oplus}$) increases from $0.61 \\pm 0.09$ at young ages (< 1 Gyr) to $1.00 \\pm 0.10$ at old ages (> 1 Gyr), consistent with the prediction by core-powered mass-loss that the mechanism shaping the radius valley operates over Gyr timescales. Additionally, we find a tentative decrease in the radii of relatively cool ($F_{\\mathrm{p}} < 150 \\mathrm{F_\\oplus}$) sub-Neptunes over Gyr timescales, which suggests that these planets may possess H/He envelopes instead of higher mean molecular weight atmospheres. We confirm the existence of planets within the hot sub-Neptunian \"desert\" ($2.2 < R_{\\mathrm{p}} < 3.8 \\mathrm{R_\\oplus}$, $F_{\\mathrm{p}} > 650 \\mathrm{F_\\oplus}$) and show that these planets are preferentially orbiting more evolved stars compared to other planets at similar incident fluxes. In addition, we identify candidates for cool ($F_{\\mathrm{p}} < 20 \\mathrm{F_\\oplus}$) inflated Jupiters, present a revised list of habitable zone candidates, and find that the ages of single- and multiple-transiting planet systems are statistically indistinguishable.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14671v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14671v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"the-gaia-kepler-stellar-properties-catalog-ii","repo_url":"https://github.com/stevepur/falsePositiveTableAnalysis","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"the-gaia-kepler-stellar-properties-catalog-ii","repo_url":"https://github.com/tgreenpixel/falsePositiveTableAnalysis","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}