{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/the-effect-of-counterfactuals-on-reading","title":"The Effect of Counterfactuals on Reading Chest X-rays","arxiv_id":"2304.00487","date":"2023-04-02","proceeding":null,"authors":["Joseph Paul Cohen","Rupert Brooks","Sovann En","Evan Zucker","Anuj Pareek","Matthew Lungren","Akshay Chaudhari"],"abstract":"This study evaluates the effect of counterfactual explanations on the interpretation of chest X-rays. We conduct a reader study with two radiologists assessing 240 chest X-ray predictions to rate their confidence that the model's prediction is correct using a 5 point scale. Half of the predictions are false positives. Each prediction is explained twice, once using traditional attribution methods and once with a counterfactual explanation. The overall results indicate that counterfactual explanations allow a radiologist to have more confidence in true positive predictions compared to traditional approaches (0.15$\\pm$0.95 with p=0.01) with only a small increase in false positive predictions (0.04$\\pm$1.06 with p=0.57). We observe the specific prediction tasks of Mass and Atelectasis appear to benefit the most compared to other tasks.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00487v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.00487v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"the-effect-of-counterfactuals-on-reading","repo_url":"https://github.com/mlmed/gifsplanation","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"counterfactual-explanation","task_name":"Counterfactual Explanation"},{"task_slug":"prediction","task_name":"Prediction"},{"task_slug":null,"task_name":"counterfactual"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}