{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/the-boundary-for-quantum-advantage-in","title":"The Boundary for Quantum Advantage in Gaussian Boson Sampling","arxiv_id":"2108.01622","date":"2021-08-03","proceeding":null,"authors":["Jacob F. F. Bulmer","Bryn A. Bell","Rachel S. Chadwick","Alex E. Jones","Diana Moise","Alessandro Rigazzi","Jan Thorbecke","Utz-Uwe Haus","Thomas Van Vaerenbergh","Raj B. Patel","Ian A. Walmsley","Anthony Laing"],"abstract":"Identifying the boundary beyond which quantum machines provide a computational advantage over their classical counterparts is a crucial step in charting their usefulness. Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS), in which photons are measured from a highly entangled Gaussian state, is a leading approach in pursuing quantum advantage. State-of-the-art quantum photonics experiments that, once programmed, run in minutes, would require 600 million years to simulate using the best pre-existing classical algorithms. Here, we present substantially faster classical GBS simulation methods, including speed and accuracy improvements to the calculation of loop hafnians, the matrix function at the heart of GBS. We test these on a $\\sim \\! 100,000$ core supercomputer to emulate a range of different GBS experiments with up to 100 modes and up to 92 photons. This reduces the run-time of classically simulating state-of-the-art GBS experiments to several months -- a nine orders of magnitude improvement over previous estimates. Finally, we introduce a distribution that is efficient to sample from classically and that passes a variety of GBS validation methods, providing an important adversary for future experiments to test against.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.01622v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01622v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"the-boundary-for-quantum-advantage-in","repo_url":"https://github.com/jakeffbulmer/gbs","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"the-boundary-for-quantum-advantage-in","repo_url":"https://github.com/jakeffbulmer/classical_gbs","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}