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Isakov","Philip Massey","Ramin Halavati","Murphy Yuezhen Niu","Alexander Zlokapa","Evan Peters","Owen Lockwood","Andrea Skolik","Sofiene Jerbi","Vedran Dunjko","Martin Leib","Michael Streif","David Von Dollen","Hongxiang Chen","Shuxiang Cao","Roeland Wiersema","Hsin-Yuan Huang","Jarrod R. McClean","Ryan Babbush","Sergio Boixo","Dave Bacon","Alan K. Ho","Hartmut Neven","Masoud Mohseni"],"abstract":"We introduce TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ), an open source library for the rapid prototyping of hybrid quantum-classical models for classical or quantum data. This framework offers high-level abstractions for the design and training of both discriminative and generative quantum models under TensorFlow and supports high-performance quantum circuit simulators. We provide an overview of the software architecture and building blocks through several examples and review the theory of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks. We illustrate TFQ functionalities via several basic applications including supervised learning for quantum classification, quantum control, simulating noisy quantum circuits, and quantum approximate optimization. Moreover, we demonstrate how one can apply TFQ to tackle advanced quantum learning tasks including meta-learning, layerwise learning, Hamiltonian learning, sampling thermal states, variational quantum eigensolvers, classification of quantum phase transitions, generative adversarial networks, and reinforcement learning. We hope this framework provides the necessary tools for the quantum computing and machine learning research communities to explore models of both natural and artificial quantum systems, and ultimately discover new quantum algorithms which could potentially yield a quantum advantage.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.02989v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.02989v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"tensorflow-quantum-a-software-framework-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/tensorflow/quantum","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}},{"paper_slug":"tensorflow-quantum-a-software-framework-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/DicksonWu654/Hybrid-Quantum-Classical-Neural-Networks-for-Diabetic-Retinopathy","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"paper_slug":"tensorflow-quantum-a-software-framework-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/RB609/QML","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"paper_slug":"tensorflow-quantum-a-software-framework-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/ard-srp/qml_analysis","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"machine-learning","task_name":"BIG-bench Machine Learning"},{"task_slug":"meta-learning","task_name":"Meta-Learning"},{"task_slug":"quantum-machine-learning","task_name":"Quantum Machine Learning"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2003.02989","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2003.02989"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. 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