{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/t-k-ml-ap-adversarial-attacks-to-top-k-multi","title":"T$_k$ML-AP: Adversarial Attacks to Top-$k$ Multi-Label Learning","arxiv_id":"2108.00146","date":"2021-07-31","proceeding":null,"authors":["Shu Hu","Lipeng Ke","Xin Wang","Siwei Lyu"],"abstract":"Top-$k$ multi-label learning, which returns the top-$k$ predicted labels from an input, has many practical applications such as image annotation, document analysis, and web search engine. However, the vulnerabilities of such algorithms with regards to dedicated adversarial perturbation attacks have not been extensively studied previously. In this work, we develop methods to create adversarial perturbations that can be used to attack top-$k$ multi-label learning-based image annotation systems (TkML-AP). Our methods explicitly consider the top-$k$ ranking relation and are based on novel loss functions. Experimental evaluations on large-scale benchmark datasets including PASCAL VOC and MS COCO demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods in reducing the performance of state-of-the-art top-$k$ multi-label learning methods, under both untargeted and targeted attacks.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.00146v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.00146v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"t-k-ml-ap-adversarial-attacks-to-top-k-multi","repo_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"multi-label-learning","task_name":"Multi-Label Learning"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2108.00146","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2108.00146","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2108.00146"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":5,"ran_fixture":1,"ran_honours":2,"unverified":5},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":13,"ran":8,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":13,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"ac915bde2480a5d0","entry":"TP_index","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ac915bde2480a5d0"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"992b5a38c6f3328a","entry":"clip_eta","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"992b5a38c6f3328a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"23d1e077e7b5b49f","entry":"div","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"23d1e077e7b5b49f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"f0596be639f74388","entry":"generate_target_zeros_3_cases","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"f0596be639f74388"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ee0ca39731c9e80e","entry":"nontargeted_TP_index","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ee0ca39731c9e80e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ac29ee3d13b98b04","entry":"op_with_scalar_cast","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ac29ee3d13b98b04"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9cb34021e5b27f44","entry":"topk_acc_metric","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9cb34021e5b27f44"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"76a10d3500157636","entry":"topk_acc_metric_1_to_10","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"76a10d3500157636"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2174f6d51d4c8e12","entry":"UAP","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2174f6d51d4c8e12"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"27f2ad95e7262324","entry":"l2_topk_non_targeted_attack","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"27f2ad95e7262324"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"44f6b2574e20f561","entry":"l2_topk_targeted_attack","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"44f6b2574e20f561"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c3197cc1dc16ced8","entry":"save_result","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c3197cc1dc16ced8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0896267f6e0a7341","entry":"tkmlap","repo":"discovershu/TKML-AP","repo_kind":"official","path":"attack.py","file_url":"https://github.com/discovershu/TKML-AP/blob/HEAD/attack.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0896267f6e0a7341"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}