{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/subgraph-centralization-a-necessary-step-for","title":"Subgraph Centralization: A Necessary Step for Graph Anomaly Detection","arxiv_id":"2301.06794","date":"2023-01-17","proceeding":null,"authors":["Zhong Zhuang","Kai Ming Ting","Guansong Pang","Shuaibin Song"],"abstract":"Graph anomaly detection has attracted a lot of interest recently. Despite their successes, existing detectors have at least two of the three weaknesses: (a) high computational cost which limits them to small-scale networks only; (b) existing treatment of subgraphs produces suboptimal detection accuracy; and (c) unable to provide an explanation as to why a node is anomalous, once it is identified. We identify that the root cause of these weaknesses is a lack of a proper treatment for subgraphs. A treatment called Subgraph Centralization for graph anomaly detection is proposed to address all the above weaknesses. Its importance is shown in two ways. First, we present a simple yet effective new framework called Graph-Centric Anomaly Detection (GCAD). The key advantages of GCAD over existing detectors including deep-learning detectors are: (i) better anomaly detection accuracy; (ii) linear time complexity with respect to the number of nodes; and (iii) it is a generic framework that admits an existing point anomaly detector to be used to detect node anomalies in a network. Second, we show that Subgraph Centralization can be incorporated into two existing detectors to overcome the above-mentioned weaknesses.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.06794v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.06794v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"subgraph-centralization-a-necessary-step-for","repo_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"anomaly-detection","task_name":"Anomaly Detection"},{"task_slug":"graph-anomaly-detection","task_name":"Graph Anomaly Detection"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2301.06794","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2301.06794","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.06794"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":5,"ran_violates":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":6,"ran":6,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":6,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"d08586913a8ad8ce","entry":"createWlEmbedding","repo":"IsolationKernel/Codes","repo_kind":"official","path":"IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/embedding.py","file_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes/blob/HEAD/IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/embedding.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d08586913a8ad8ce"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c111b6abd6f38d65","entry":"createWlEmbedding1","repo":"IsolationKernel/Codes","repo_kind":"official","path":"IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/embedding.py","file_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes/blob/HEAD/IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/embedding.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c111b6abd6f38d65"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b314f45a8c3970ac","entry":"create_adj_avg","repo":"IsolationKernel/Codes","repo_kind":"official","path":"IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/embedding.py","file_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes/blob/HEAD/IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/embedding.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_violates","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"VIOLATES","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b314f45a8c3970ac"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"db233977010b12af","entry":"generate_h_nodes_n_dict","repo":"IsolationKernel/Codes","repo_kind":"official","path":"IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/subgraph_centralization.py","file_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes/blob/HEAD/IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/subgraph_centralization.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"db233977010b12af"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"13ce9cc1bcdb98bb","entry":"generate_hadj","repo":"IsolationKernel/Codes","repo_kind":"official","path":"IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/subgraph_centralization.py","file_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes/blob/HEAD/IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/subgraph_centralization.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"13ce9cc1bcdb98bb"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8960487e3f6de30d","entry":"generate_hnodes","repo":"IsolationKernel/Codes","repo_kind":"official","path":"IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/subgraph_centralization.py","file_url":"https://github.com/IsolationKernel/Codes/blob/HEAD/IDK/GraphAnomalyDetection/subgraph_centralization.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NOASSERTION","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8960487e3f6de30d"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}