{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/structure-aware-long-short-term-memory","title":"Structure-Aware Long Short-Term Memory Network for 3D Cephalometric Landmark Detection","arxiv_id":"2107.09899","date":"2021-07-21","proceeding":null,"authors":["Runnan Chen","Yuexin Ma","Nenglun Chen","Lingjie Liu","Zhiming Cui","Yanhong Lin","Wenping Wang"],"abstract":"Detecting 3D landmarks on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is crucial to assessing and quantifying the anatomical abnormalities in 3D cephalometric analysis. However, the current methods are time-consuming and suffer from large biases in landmark localization, leading to unreliable diagnosis results. In this work, we propose a novel Structure-Aware Long Short-Term Memory framework (SA-LSTM) for efficient and accurate 3D landmark detection. To reduce the computational burden, SA-LSTM is designed in two stages. It first locates the coarse landmarks via heatmap regression on a down-sampled CBCT volume and then progressively refines landmarks by attentive offset regression using multi-resolution cropped patches. To boost accuracy, SA-LSTM captures global-local dependence among the cropping patches via self-attention. Specifically, a novel graph attention module implicitly encodes the landmark's global structure to rationalize the predicted position. Moreover, a novel attention-gated module recursively filters irrelevant local features and maintains high-confident local predictions for aggregating the final result. Experiments conducted on an in-house dataset and a public dataset show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving 1.64 mm and 2.37 mm average errors, respectively. Furthermore, our method is very efficient, taking only 0.5 seconds for inferring the whole CBCT volume of resolution 768$\\times$768$\\times$576.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.09899v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.09899v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"structure-aware-long-short-term-memory","repo_url":"https://github.com/runnanchen/SA-LSTM-3D-Landmark-Detection","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"graph-attention","task_name":"Graph Attention"},{"task_slug":"regression-1","task_name":"regression"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"heatmap","method_name":"Heatmap"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}