{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","title":"StrongSORT: Make DeepSORT Great Again","arxiv_id":"2202.13514","date":"2022-02-28","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yunhao Du","Zhicheng Zhao","Yang song","Yanyun Zhao","Fei Su","Tao Gong","Hongying Meng"],"abstract":"Recently, Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) has attracted rising attention, and accordingly, remarkable progresses have been achieved. However, the existing methods tend to use various basic models (e.g, detector and embedding model), and different training or inference tricks, etc. As a result, the construction of a good baseline for a fair comparison is essential. In this paper, a classic tracker, i.e., DeepSORT, is first revisited, and then is significantly improved from multiple perspectives such as object detection, feature embedding, and trajectory association. The proposed tracker, named StrongSORT, contributes a strong and fair baseline for the MOT community. Moreover, two lightweight and plug-and-play algorithms are proposed to address two inherent \"missing\" problems of MOT: missing association and missing detection. Specifically, unlike most methods, which associate short tracklets into complete trajectories at high computation complexity, we propose an appearance-free link model (AFLink) to perform global association without appearance information, and achieve a good balance between speed and accuracy. Furthermore, we propose a Gaussian-smoothed interpolation (GSI) based on Gaussian process regression to relieve the missing detection. AFLink and GSI can be easily plugged into various trackers with a negligible extra computational cost (1.7 ms and 7.1 ms per image, respectively, on MOT17). Finally, by fusing StrongSORT with AFLink and GSI, the final tracker (StrongSORT++) achieves state-of-the-art results on multiple public benchmarks, i.e., MOT17, MOT20, DanceTrack and KITTI. Codes are available at https://github.com/dyhBUPT/StrongSORT and https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmtracking.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13514v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.13514v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/dyhBUPT/StrongSORT","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmtracking","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/Yanghojun/Custom_yolov5_pytorch","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-3.0"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/mikel-brostrom/boxmot","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"AGPL-3.0"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/mikel-brostrom/yolov7_strongsort_osnet","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-3.0"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-211/tree/main/Deepsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"mindspore","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/2023-MindSpore-4/Code3/tree/main/Deepsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"mindspore","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/MindSpore-paper-code-3/code2/tree/main/Deepsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"mindspore","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/MindSpore-paper-code-3/code8/tree/main/Deepsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"mindspore","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/code-implementation1/Code1/tree/main/Deepsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"mindspore","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/deepsort-pip","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/yolov5-strongsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-3.0"}},{"paper_slug":"strongsort-make-deepsort-great-again","repo_url":"https://github.com/lyqcom/deepsort","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"mindspore","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"multi-object-tracking","task_name":"Multi-Object Tracking"},{"task_slug":"object-detection","task_name":"Object Detection"},{"task_slug":"object-tracking","task_name":"Object Tracking"},{"task_slug":"object-detection-1","task_name":"object-detection"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"gaussian-process","method_name":"Gaussian Process"},{"method_slug":"speed","method_name":"SPEED"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-object-tracking-on-mot17","task":"Multi-Object Tracking","dataset":"MOT17","model":"StrongSORT","rank_in_archive_order":13,"of":48,"metrics":{"HOTA":"64.4","IDF1":"79.5","MOTA":"79.6"},"uses_additional_data":true},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-object-tracking-on-mot20-1","task":"Multi-Object Tracking","dataset":"MOT20","model":"StrongSORT","rank_in_archive_order":11,"of":27,"metrics":{"HOTA":"62.6","IDF1":"77.0","MOTA":"73.8"},"uses_additional_data":true}],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2202.13514","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2202.13514"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/yolov5-strongsort","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-3.0"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/mikel-brostrom/yolov7_strongsort_osnet","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-3.0"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/2023-MindSpore-1/ms-code-211/tree/main/Deepsort","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/mikel-brostrom/boxmot","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"AGPL-3.0"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/code-implementation1/Code1/tree/main/Deepsort","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/deepsort-pip","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/2023-MindSpore-4/Code3/tree/main/Deepsort","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmtracking","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/lyqcom/deepsort","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/MindSpore-paper-code-3/code2/tree/main/Deepsort","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/dyhBUPT/StrongSORT","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/MindSpore-paper-code-3/code8/tree/main/Deepsort","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/Yanghojun/Custom_yolov5_pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-3.0"}}],"summary":{"ran_honours":2,"ran_draft_wrong":1,"unverified":17},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":2,"ran":1,"repositories":1},"listed":{"samples":18,"ran":2,"repositories":2}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":2,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"291f44f2e2225f0d","entry":"LinearInterpolation","repo":"dyhBUPT/StrongSORT","repo_kind":"official","path":"GSI.py","file_url":"https://github.com/dyhBUPT/StrongSORT/blob/HEAD/GSI.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"GPL-3.0","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"291f44f2e2225f0d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"bcfa4cf98c4b792a","entry":"compute_color_for_labels","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/draw.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/draw.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"bcfa4cf98c4b792a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c5cdc64a6b2b4eee","entry":"get_model_name","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/reid_model_factory.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/reid_model_factory.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c5cdc64a6b2b4eee"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"e8e20ac10a09b701","entry":"GaussianSmooth","repo":"dyhBUPT/StrongSORT","repo_kind":"official","path":"GSI.py","file_url":"https://github.com/dyhBUPT/StrongSORT/blob/HEAD/GSI.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"GPL-3.0","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"e8e20ac10a09b701"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"287f12a551c1c76a","entry":"assert_in","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/asserts.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/asserts.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"287f12a551c1c76a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3d29e11e107d75b2","entry":"assert_in_env","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/asserts.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/asserts.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3d29e11e107d75b2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"bb6bb0009b53e1ba","entry":"draw_boxes","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/draw.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/draw.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"bb6bb0009b53e1ba"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"fd534ce01d39359c","entry":"gate_cost_matrix","repo":"kadirnar/deepsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"deepsort/linear_assignment.py","file_url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/deepsort-pip/blob/HEAD/deepsort/linear_assignment.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"fd534ce01d39359c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1fcd8693108efe91","entry":"get_logger","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/log.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/log.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1fcd8693108efe91"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2745b5d88394ba76","entry":"get_model_url","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/reid_model_factory.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/reid_model_factory.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2745b5d88394ba76"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"cd5390257debcfd6","entry":"iou","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/iou_matching.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/iou_matching.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"cd5390257debcfd6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"fa2c5a05698eba02","entry":"iou_cost","repo":"kadirnar/deepsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"deepsort/iou_matching.py","file_url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/deepsort-pip/blob/HEAD/deepsort/iou_matching.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"fa2c5a05698eba02"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"89a76bc51c8b9c46","entry":"is_model_in_model_types","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/reid_model_factory.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/reid_model_factory.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"89a76bc51c8b9c46"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"402e8c9566232aa2","entry":"matching_cascade","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/linear_assignment.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/linear_assignment.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"402e8c9566232aa2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8a6c0862c2243eaa","entry":"matching_cascade","repo":"kadirnar/deepsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"deepsort/linear_assignment.py","file_url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/deepsort-pip/blob/HEAD/deepsort/linear_assignment.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8a6c0862c2243eaa"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6278dd3b36b3eadc","entry":"min_cost_matching","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/linear_assignment.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/linear_assignment.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6278dd3b36b3eadc"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"dbbe07d4ffcebac6","entry":"min_cost_matching","repo":"kadirnar/deepsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"deepsort/linear_assignment.py","file_url":"https://github.com/kadirnar/deepsort-pip/blob/HEAD/deepsort/linear_assignment.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"dbbe07d4ffcebac6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"9eb3b334fd02b5d3","entry":"read_mot_results","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/io.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/io.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9eb3b334fd02b5d3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1958a4fce355d7a6","entry":"read_results","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/io.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/io.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1958a4fce355d7a6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"261a9c5fae0c1b9f","entry":"unzip_objs","repo":"goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip","repo_kind":"listed","path":"strongsort/io.py","file_url":"https://github.com/goksenin-uav/strongsort-pip/blob/HEAD/strongsort/io.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"261a9c5fae0c1b9f"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}