{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/specular-and-diffuse-reflection-based-face","title":"Specular- and Diffuse-reflection-based Face Spoofing Detection for Mobile Devices","arxiv_id":"1907.12400","date":"2019-07-29","proceeding":null,"authors":["Akinori F. Ebihara","Kazuyuki Sakurai","Hitoshi Imaoka"],"abstract":"In light of the rising demand for biometric-authentication systems, preventing face spoofing attacks is a critical issue for the safe deployment of face recognition systems. Here, we propose an efficient face presentation attack detection (PAD) algorithm that requires minimal hardware and only a small database, making it suitable for resource-constrained devices such as mobile phones. Utilizing one monocular visible light camera, the proposed algorithm takes two facial photos, one taken with a flash, the other without a flash. The proposed $SpecDiff$ descriptor is constructed by leveraging two types of reflection: (i) specular reflections from the iris region that have a specific intensity distribution depending on liveness, and (ii) diffuse reflections from the entire face region that represents the 3D structure of a subject's face. Classifiers trained with $SpecDiff$ descriptor outperforms other flash-based PAD algorithms on both an in-house database and on publicly available NUAA, Replay-Attack, and SiW databases. Moreover, the proposed algorithm achieves statistically significantly better accuracy to that of an end-to-end, deep neural network classifier, while being approximately six-times faster execution speed. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/Akinori-F-Ebihara/SpecDiff-spoofing-detector.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.12400v5","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.12400v5.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"specular-and-diffuse-reflection-based-face","repo_url":"https://github.com/Akinori-F-Ebihara/SpecDiff-spoofing-detector","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"specular-and-diffuse-reflection-based-face","repo_url":"https://github.com/Recognito-Vision/Android-FaceRecognition-FaceLivenessDetection","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"face-presentation-attack-detection","task_name":"Face Presentation Attack Detection"},{"task_slug":"face-recognition","task_name":"Face Recognition"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}