{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/space-spike-aware-consistency-enhancement-for","title":"SPACE: SPike-Aware Consistency Enhancement for Test-Time Adaptation in Spiking Neural Networks","arxiv_id":"2504.02298","date":"2025-04-03","proceeding":null,"authors":["Xinyu Luo","Kecheng Chen","Pao-Sheng Vincent Sun","Chris Xing Tian","Arindam Basu","Haoliang Li"],"abstract":"Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), as a biologically plausible alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have demonstrated advantages in terms of energy efficiency, temporal processing, and biological plausibility. However, SNNs are highly sensitive to distribution shifts, which can significantly degrade their performance in real-world scenarios. Traditional test-time adaptation (TTA) methods designed for ANNs often fail to address the unique computational dynamics of SNNs, such as sparsity and temporal spiking behavior. To address these challenges, we propose $\\textbf{SP}$ike-$\\textbf{A}$ware $\\textbf{C}$onsistency $\\textbf{E}$nhancement (SPACE), the first source-free and single-instance TTA method specifically designed for SNNs. SPACE leverages the inherent spike dynamics of SNNs to maximize the consistency of spike-behavior-based local feature maps across augmented versions of a single test sample, enabling robust adaptation without requiring source data. We evaluate SPACE on multiple datasets, including CIFAR-10-C, CIFAR-100-C, Tiny-ImageNet-C and DVS Gesture-C. Furthermore, SPACE demonstrates strong generalization across different model architectures, achieving consistent performance improvements on both VGG9 and ResNet11. Experimental results show that SPACE outperforms state-of-the-art methods, highlighting its effectiveness and robustness in real-world settings.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02298v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.02298v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"test-time-adaptation","task_name":"Test-time Adaptation"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2504.02298","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2504.02298","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.02298"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"deterministic:regex_extraction","url":"https://github.com/ethanxyluo/SPACE","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran_fixture":1},"by_repo_kind":{"found_in_text":{"samples":1,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"8a39998ce276324f","entry":"einsum","repo":"ethanxyluo/SPACE","repo_kind":"found_in_text","path":"cifar10/r11/tta_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/ethanxyluo/SPACE/blob/HEAD/cifar10/r11/tta_utils.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8a39998ce276324f"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}