{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/sn-computer-science-towards-offensive","title":"Towards Offensive Language Identification for Tamil Code-Mixed YouTube Comments and Posts","arxiv_id":"2108.10939","date":"2021-08-24","proceeding":null,"authors":["Charangan Vasantharajan","Uthayasanker Thayasivam"],"abstract":"Offensive Language detection in social media platforms has been an active field of research over the past years. In non-native English spoken countries, social media users mostly use a code-mixed form of text in their posts/comments. This poses several challenges in the offensive content identification tasks, and considering the low resources available for Tamil, the task becomes much harder. The current study presents extensive experiments using multiple deep learning, and transfer learning models to detect offensive content on YouTube. We propose a novel and flexible approach of selective translation and transliteration techniques to reap better results from fine-tuning and ensembling multilingual transformer networks like BERT, Distil- BERT, and XLM-RoBERTa. The experimental results showed that ULMFiT is the best model for this task. The best performing models were ULMFiT and mBERTBiLSTM for this Tamil code-mix dataset instead of more popular transfer learning models such as Distil- BERT and XLM-RoBERTa and hybrid deep learning models. The proposed model ULMFiT and mBERTBiLSTM yielded good results and are promising for effective offensive speech identification in low-resourced languages.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10939v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.10939v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"sn-computer-science-towards-offensive","repo_url":"https://github.com/chaarangan/odl-tamil-sn","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"language-identification","task_name":"Language Identification"},{"task_slug":"transfer-learning","task_name":"Transfer Learning"},{"task_slug":"translation","task_name":"Translation"},{"task_slug":"transliteration","task_name":"Transliteration"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"awd-lstm","method_name":"AWD-LSTM"},{"method_slug":"activation-regularization","method_name":"Activation Regularization"},{"method_slug":"adam","method_name":"Adam"},{"method_slug":"attention","method_name":"Attention"},{"method_slug":"attention-dropout","method_name":"Attention Dropout"},{"method_slug":"bert","method_name":"BERT"},{"method_slug":"dense-connections","method_name":"Dense Connections"},{"method_slug":"discriminative-fine-tuning","method_name":"Discriminative Fine-Tuning"},{"method_slug":"dropconnect","method_name":"DropConnect"},{"method_slug":"dropout","method_name":"Dropout"},{"method_slug":"embedding-dropout","method_name":"Embedding Dropout"},{"method_slug":"lstm","method_name":"LSTM"},{"method_slug":"layer-normalization","method_name":"Layer Normalization"},{"method_slug":"linear-layer","method_name":"Linear Layer"},{"method_slug":"linear-warmup-with-linear-decay","method_name":"Linear Warmup With Linear Decay"},{"method_slug":"multi-head-attention","method_name":"Multi-Head Attention"},{"method_slug":"residual-connection","method_name":"Residual Connection"},{"method_slug":"sigmoid-activation","method_name":"Sigmoid Activation"},{"method_slug":"slanted-triangular-learning-rates","method_name":"Slanted Triangular Learning Rates"},{"method_slug":"softmax","method_name":"Softmax"},{"method_slug":"tanh-activation","method_name":"Tanh Activation"},{"method_slug":"temporal-activation-regularization","method_name":"Temporal Activation Regularization"},{"method_slug":"ulmfit","method_name":"ULMFiT"},{"method_slug":"variational-dropout","method_name":"Variational Dropout"},{"method_slug":"weight-decay","method_name":"Weight Decay"},{"method_slug":"weight-tying","method_name":"Weight Tying"},{"method_slug":"wordpiece","method_name":"WordPiece"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}