{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/shadows-in-the-dark-low-surface-brightness","title":"Shadows in the Dark: Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey","arxiv_id":"2006.04294","date":"2020-06-08","proceeding":null,"authors":["D. Tanoglidis","A. Drlica-Wagner","K. Wei","T. S. Li","F. J. Sánchez","Y. Zhang","A. H. G. Peter","A. Feldmeier-Krause","J. Prat","K. Casey","A. Palmese","C. Sánchez","J. DeRose","C. Conselice","L. Gagnon","T. M. C. Abbott","M. Aguena","S. Allam","S. Avila","K. Bechtol","E. Bertin","S. Bhargava","D. Brooks","D. L. Burke","A. Carnero Rosell","M. Carrasco Kind","J. Carretero","C. Chang","M. Costanzi","L. N. da Costa","J. De Vicente","S. Desai","H. T. Diehl","P. Doel","T. F. Eifler","S. Everett","A. E. Evrard","B. Flaugher","J. Frieman","J. García-Bellido","D. W. Gerdes","R. A. Gruendl","J. Gschwend","G. Gutierrez","W. G. Hartley","D. L. Hollowood","D. Huterer","D. J. James","E. Krause","K. Kuehn","N. Kuropatkin","M. A. G. Maia","M. March","J. L. Marshall","F. Menanteau","R. Miquel","R. L. C. Ogando","F. Paz-Chinchón","A. K. Romer","A. Roodman","E. Sanchez","V. Scarpine","S. Serrano","I. Sevilla-Noarbe","M. Smith","E. Suchyta","G. Tarle","D. Thomas","D. L. Tucker","A. R. Walker"],"abstract":"We present a catalog of 23,790 extended low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) identified in $\\sim 5000 \\deg^2$ from the first three years of imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Based on a single-component S\\'ersic model fit, we define extended LSBGs as galaxies with $g$-band effective radii $R_{eff}(g) > 2.5''$ and mean surface brightness $\\bar{\\mu}_{eff}(g) > 24.2 \\,mag \\.arcsec^{-2}$. We find that the distribution of LSBGs is strongly bimodal in $(g-r)$ vs.\\ $(g-i$) color space. We divide our sample into red ($g-i \\geq 0.60$) and blue ($g-i<0.60$) galaxies and study the properties of the two populations. Redder LSBGs are more clustered than their blue counterparts and are correlated with the distribution of nearby ($z < 0.10$) bright galaxies. Red LSBGs constitute $\\sim 33\\%$ of our LSBG sample, and $\\sim 30\\%$ of these are located within 1 deg of low-redshift galaxy groups and clusters (compared to $\\sim 8\\%$ of the blue LSBGs). For nine of the most prominent galaxy groups and clusters, we calculate the physical properties of associated LSBGs assuming a redshift derived from the host system. In these systems, we identify 41 objects that can be classified as ultra-diffuse galaxies, defined as LSBGs with projected physical effective radii $R_{eff} > 1.5 \\,kpc$ and central surface brighthness $\\mu_0(g) > 24.0\\, mag \\,arcsec^{-2}$. The wide-area sample of LSBGs in DES can be used to test the role of environment on models of LSBG formation and evolution.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04294v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.04294v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"shadows-in-the-dark-low-surface-brightness","repo_url":"https://github.com/dtanoglidis/DeepShadows","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok"}}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}