{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/searching-for-quiescent-galaxies-over-3-z-6","title":"Searching for Quiescent Galaxies over $3 < z < 6$ in JWST Surveys Using Manifold Learning","arxiv_id":"2501.09066","date":"2025-01-15","proceeding":null,"authors":["Alexander de la Vega","Mitchell D. Babcock","Bahram Mobasher","Dominik A. Riemann","Nima Chartab","Shoubaneh Hemmati","Arianna S. Long","Sogol Sanjaripour"],"abstract":"Quiescent galaxies over $3<z<6$ are rare and puzzling. They formed and quenched within two billion years and simulations routinely struggle to predict their observed abundances. Developing a robust identification technique for these galaxies is crucial for constraining galaxy evolution models. Traditional rest-frame color-color selection techniques for quiescent galaxies are known to break down or require adjustments at $z\\gtrsim3$. Recently, observed-frame color-color criteria have been established with JWST/NIRCam colors that efficiently pre-select high-redshift quiescent galaxies using only $\\lesssim1\\%$ of a given sample. In this work, the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection machine-learning technique is applied to pre-select quiescent galaxies over $3<z<6$ using observed NIRCam colors. From a parent sample of 43,926 galaxies in JADES, we ultimately find 44 quiescent candidates from a pool of $\\approx2,300$ galaxies. This is about five times fewer galaxies than what would be pre-selected using color-color criteria. Two-thirds of these candidates can be pre-selected from a pool as small as 247, which is about twice as efficient as existing observed-frame color selection techniques. Nearly two-thirds of the candidates are new discoveries and include quiescent galaxies with mass-weighted ages as young as $\\lesssim300$ Myr. We obtain number densities in agreement with the literature at $z<4$ and find generally higher abundances at $z>4$, although our measurements are consistent within errors. This technique may be applied to other JWST surveys.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09066v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.09066v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"searching-for-quiescent-galaxies-over-3-z-6","repo_url":"https://github.com/alex-delavega/umap_jades_2025","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"unanswered"}}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}