{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","title":"Score-CAM: Score-Weighted Visual Explanations for Convolutional Neural Networks","arxiv_id":"1910.01279","date":"2019-10-03","proceeding":null,"authors":["Haofan Wang","Zifan Wang","Mengnan Du","Fan Yang","Zijian Zhang","Sirui Ding","Piotr Mardziel","Xia Hu"],"abstract":"Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to the internal mechanisms of convolutional neural networks, and the reason why the network makes specific decisions. In this paper, we develop a novel post-hoc visual explanation method called Score-CAM based on class activation mapping. Unlike previous class activation mapping based approaches, Score-CAM gets rid of the dependence on gradients by obtaining the weight of each activation map through its forward passing score on target class, the final result is obtained by a linear combination of weights and activation maps. We demonstrate that Score-CAM achieves better visual performance and fairness for interpreting the decision making process. Our approach outperforms previous methods on both recognition and localization tasks, it also passes the sanity check. We also indicate its application as debugging tools. Official code has been released.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01279v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.01279v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/haofanwang/Score-CAM","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/Jupetus/ExplainableAI","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/andreysorokin/scam-net","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/frgfm/torch-cam","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/jacobgil/pytorch-grad-cam","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/tabayashi0117/Score-CAM","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/windstormer/Cfd-CAM","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"paper_slug":"score-camimproved-visual-explanations-via","repo_url":"https://github.com/yiskw713/scorecam","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"adversarial-attack","task_name":"Adversarial Attack"},{"task_slug":"decision-making","task_name":"Decision Making"},{"task_slug":"error-understanding","task_name":"Error Understanding"},{"task_slug":"fairness","task_name":"Fairness"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/error-understanding-on-cub-200-2011-1","task":"Error Understanding","dataset":"CUB-200-2011","model":"Score-CAM","rank_in_archive_order":3,"of":4,"metrics":{"Average highest confidence (EfficientNetV2-M)":"0.2403","Average highest confidence (MobileNetV2)":"0.3141","Average highest confidence (ResNet-101)":"0.2510","Insertion AUC score (EfficientNetV2-M)":"0.1572","Insertion AUC score (MobileNetV2)":"0.1195","Insertion AUC score (ResNet-101)":"0.1073"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/error-understanding-on-cub-200-2011-resnet","task":"Error Understanding","dataset":"CUB-200-2011 (ResNet-101)","model":"Score-CAM","rank_in_archive_order":2,"of":3,"metrics":{"Average highest confidence":"0.2510","Insertion AUC score":"0.1073"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1910.01279","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1910.01279"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/jacobgil/pytorch-grad-cam","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/andreysorokin/scam-net","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/windstormer/Cfd-CAM","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/frgfm/torch-cam","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/tabayashi0117/Score-CAM","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/Jupetus/ExplainableAI","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/yiskw713/scorecam","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/haofanwang/Score-CAM","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"ran_fixture":2,"ran_draft_wrong":1,"unverified":10},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":0,"repositories":1},"listed":{"samples":10,"ran":1,"repositories":3}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":2,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"d3ba787775c076f1","entry":"masked_inputs","repo":"tabayashi0117/Score-CAM","repo_kind":"listed","path":"scorecam/score_cam.py","file_url":"https://github.com/tabayashi0117/Score-CAM/blob/HEAD/scorecam/score_cam.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d3ba787775c076f1"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"cd9e431963bd28ca","entry":"swin_reshape_transform","repo":null,"repo_kind":null,"path":null,"file_url":null,"link_basis":"identical_code_first_harvested_elsewhere","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":null,"inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"cd9e431963bd28ca"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3e3e7c2d436361ca","entry":"vit_reshape_transform","repo":null,"repo_kind":null,"path":null,"file_url":null,"link_basis":"identical_code_first_harvested_elsewhere","language":"python","status":"ran_fixture","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"RAISES","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":null,"inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3e3e7c2d436361ca"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8abe77c90e3bab0d","entry":"ScoreCam","repo":"tabayashi0117/Score-CAM","repo_kind":"listed","path":"scorecam/score_cam.py","file_url":"https://github.com/tabayashi0117/Score-CAM/blob/HEAD/scorecam/score_cam.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8abe77c90e3bab0d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0eb6b543eedbb913","entry":"energy_point_game","repo":"haofanwang/Score-CAM","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils/energyPointGame.py","file_url":"https://github.com/haofanwang/Score-CAM/blob/HEAD/utils/energyPointGame.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0eb6b543eedbb913"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a6751790d12dd02d","entry":"grid_display","repo":"matheushent/score-cam","repo_kind":"listed","path":"utils/display.py","file_url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam/blob/HEAD/utils/display.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a6751790d12dd02d"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"c54afa1ecb39fd2f","entry":"heatmap_display","repo":"matheushent/score-cam","repo_kind":"listed","path":"utils/display.py","file_url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam/blob/HEAD/utils/display.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c54afa1ecb39fd2f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1ea162efebe64eb5","entry":"image_to_uint_255","repo":"matheushent/score-cam","repo_kind":"listed","path":"utils/display.py","file_url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam/blob/HEAD/utils/display.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1ea162efebe64eb5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1b3ec8aff736ee84","entry":"normalize_activations","repo":"andreysorokin/scam-net","repo_kind":"listed","path":"scam/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/andreysorokin/scam-net/blob/HEAD/scam/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1b3ec8aff736ee84"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"5444b8777b09ceb1","entry":"normalize_activations","repo":"matheushent/score-cam","repo_kind":"listed","path":"utils/image.py","file_url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam/blob/HEAD/utils/image.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"5444b8777b09ceb1"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0092b2f7ee2b970b","entry":"resize_activations","repo":"andreysorokin/scam-net","repo_kind":"listed","path":"scam/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/andreysorokin/scam-net/blob/HEAD/scam/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0092b2f7ee2b970b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"f2f03a34ff27740f","entry":"resize_activations","repo":"matheushent/score-cam","repo_kind":"listed","path":"utils/image.py","file_url":"https://github.com/matheushent/score-cam/blob/HEAD/utils/image.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"f2f03a34ff27740f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a658de56603d3a9a","entry":"upsample_and_normalise","repo":"tabayashi0117/Score-CAM","repo_kind":"listed","path":"scorecam/score_cam.py","file_url":"https://github.com/tabayashi0117/Score-CAM/blob/HEAD/scorecam/score_cam.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a658de56603d3a9a"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}