{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/representation-learning-with-weighted-inner","title":"Representation Learning with Weighted Inner Product for Universal Approximation of General Similarities","arxiv_id":"1902.10409","date":"2019-02-27","proceeding":null,"authors":["Geewook Kim","Akifumi Okuno","Kazuki Fukui","Hidetoshi Shimodaira"],"abstract":"We propose $\\textit{weighted inner product similarity}$ (WIPS) for neural network-based graph embedding. In addition to the parameters of neural networks, we optimize the weights of the inner product by allowing positive and negative values. Despite its simplicity, WIPS can approximate arbitrary general similarities including positive definite, conditionally positive definite, and indefinite kernels. WIPS is free from similarity model selection, since it can learn any similarity models such as cosine similarity, negative Poincar\\'e distance and negative Wasserstein distance. Our experiments show that the proposed method can learn high-quality distributed representations of nodes from real datasets, leading to an accurate approximation of similarities as well as high performance in inductive tasks.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10409v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10409v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"representation-learning-with-weighted-inner","repo_url":"https://github.com/kdrl/WIPS","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"graph-embedding","task_name":"Graph Embedding"},{"task_slug":"model-selection","task_name":"Model Selection"},{"task_slug":"representation-learning","task_name":"Representation Learning"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}