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One of the primary challenges is that models often produce highly confident predictions on OOD data, which undermines the driving principle in OOD detection that the model should only be confident about in-distribution samples. In this work, we propose ReAct--a simple and effective technique for reducing model overconfidence on OOD data. Our method is motivated by novel analysis on internal activations of neural networks, which displays highly distinctive signature patterns for OOD distributions. Our method can generalize effectively to different network architectures and different OOD detection scores. We empirically demonstrate that ReAct achieves competitive detection performance on a comprehensive suite of benchmark datasets, and give theoretical explication for our method's efficacy. On the ImageNet benchmark, ReAct reduces the false positive rate (FPR95) by 25.05% compared to the previous best method.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.12797v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12797v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"react-out-of-distribution-detection-with-1","repo_url":"https://github.com/deeplearning-wisc/react","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"out-of-distribution-detection","task_name":"Out-of-Distribution Detection"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/out-of-distribution-detection-on-imagenet-1k-9","task":"Out-of-Distribution Detection","dataset":"ImageNet-1k vs Places","model":"ReAct (ResNet-50)","rank_in_archive_order":16,"of":25,"metrics":{"AUROC":"86.64","FPR95":"51.56"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/out-of-distribution-detection-on-imagenet-1k-8","task":"Out-of-Distribution Detection","dataset":"ImageNet-1k vs SUN","model":"ReAct (ResNet-50)","rank_in_archive_order":14,"of":22,"metrics":{"AUROC":"88.16","FPR95":"47.69"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/out-of-distribution-detection-on-imagenet-1k-10","task":"Out-of-Distribution Detection","dataset":"ImageNet-1k vs Textures","model":"ReAct (ResNet-50)","rank_in_archive_order":17,"of":34,"metrics":{"AUROC":"91.53","FPR95":"38.42"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/out-of-distribution-detection-on-imagenet-1k-3","task":"Out-of-Distribution Detection","dataset":"ImageNet-1k vs iNaturalist","model":"ReAct (ResNet-50)","rank_in_archive_order":20,"of":28,"metrics":{"AUROC":"91.53","FPR95":"42.40"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2111.12797","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2111.12797"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. 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