{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/pyvertical-a-vertical-federated-learning","title":"PyVertical: A Vertical Federated Learning Framework for Multi-headed SplitNN","arxiv_id":"2104.00489","date":"2021-04-01","proceeding":null,"authors":["Daniele Romanini","Adam James Hall","Pavlos Papadopoulos","Tom Titcombe","Abbas Ismail","Tudor Cebere","Robert Sandmann","Robin Roehm","Michael A. Hoeh"],"abstract":"We introduce PyVertical, a framework supporting vertical federated learning using split neural networks. The proposed framework allows a data scientist to train neural networks on data features vertically partitioned across multiple owners while keeping raw data on an owner's device. To link entities shared across different datasets' partitions, we use Private Set Intersection on IDs associated with data points. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework, we present the training of a simple dual-headed split neural network for a MNIST classification task, with data samples vertically distributed across two data owners and a data scientist.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.00489v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00489v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"pyvertical-a-vertical-federated-learning","repo_url":"https://github.com/OpenMined/PyVertical","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"federated-learning","task_name":"Federated Learning"},{"task_slug":"vertical-federated-learning","task_name":"Vertical Federated Learning"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2104.00489","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2104.00489"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/OpenMined/PyVertical","reach":null}],"summary":{"ran":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":1,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"c4802de3c1ec10c2","entry":"SplitNN","repo":"OpenMined/PyVertical","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/splitnn.py","file_url":"https://github.com/OpenMined/PyVertical/blob/HEAD/src/splitnn.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c4802de3c1ec10c2"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}