{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/prost-physical-reasoning-of-objects-through","title":"PROST: Physical Reasoning of Objects through Space and Time","arxiv_id":"2106.03634","date":"2021-06-07","proceeding":null,"authors":["Stéphane Aroca-Ouellette","Cory Paik","Alessandro Roncone","Katharina Kann"],"abstract":"We present a new probing dataset named PROST: Physical Reasoning about Objects Through Space and Time. This dataset contains 18,736 multiple-choice questions made from 14 manually curated templates, covering 10 physical reasoning concepts. All questions are designed to probe both causal and masked language models in a zero-shot setting. We conduct an extensive analysis which demonstrates that state-of-the-art pretrained models are inadequate at physical reasoning: they are influenced by the order in which answer options are presented to them, they struggle when the superlative in a question is inverted (e.g., most <-> least), and increasing the amount of pretraining data and parameters only yields minimal improvements. These results provide support for the hypothesis that current pretrained models' ability to reason about physical interactions is inherently limited by a lack of real world experience. By highlighting these limitations, we hope to motivate the development of models with a human-like understanding of the physical world.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03634v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.03634v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"prost-physical-reasoning-of-objects-through","repo_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"multiple-choice","task_name":"Multiple-choice"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[{"slug":"prost","name":"PROST","full_name":"Physical Reasoning about Objects Through Space and Time"}],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2106.03634","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2106.03634"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"deterministic:regex_extraction","url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"summary":{"unverified":13},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":13,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"9ad5fc60ea43e8f1","entry":"build_examples_from_config","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/prost/prost.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/prost/prost.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9ad5fc60ea43e8f1"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"774ce0489997b06c","entry":"create_examples_t5","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/input_pipeline.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/input_pipeline.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"774ce0489997b06c"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3da1a72ed0d0e883","entry":"get_model_type","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/results.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/results.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3da1a72ed0d0e883"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b8695e1d11efba89","entry":"hf_auto_configure","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/configs.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/configs.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b8695e1d11efba89"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"404e639140047862","entry":"load_and_check_config_yml","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/prost/prost.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/prost/prost.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"404e639140047862"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a410f0abdd3fb511","entry":"load_preds","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/results.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/results.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a410f0abdd3fb511"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8b6c4bddb433b1c8","entry":"load_raw_preds","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/results.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/results.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8b6c4bddb433b1c8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8adad0c7719ff831","entry":"make_enum_vars","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/prost/prost.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/prost/prost.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8adad0c7719ff831"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"77c174355b5aa8d2","entry":"normalize_answer","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/unifiedqa.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/unifiedqa.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"77c174355b5aa8d2"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"e1cb1fa52f9ae046","entry":"prep_example_prost_gcp","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/unifiedqa.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/unifiedqa.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"e1cb1fa52f9ae046"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"effefd745752a218","entry":"score_unifiedqa","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/unifiedqa.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/unifiedqa.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"effefd745752a218"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2d47fac6ddc5af35","entry":"test_step","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/zs_runner.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/zs_runner.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2d47fac6ddc5af35"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1ebbf7526d810f87","entry":"try_get_index","repo":"nala-cub/prost","repo_kind":"official","path":"src/baselines/input_pipeline.py","file_url":"https://github.com/nala-cub/prost/blob/HEAD/src/baselines/input_pipeline.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1ebbf7526d810f87"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}