{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/precision-cosmology-with-the-21-cm-signal","title":"Prospects for precision cosmology with the 21 cm signal from the dark ages","arxiv_id":"2305.08593","date":"2023-05-15","proceeding":null,"authors":["Rajesh Mondal","Rennan Barkana"],"abstract":"The 21 cm signal from the dark ages provides a potential new probe of fundamental cosmology. While exotic physics could be discovered, here we quantify the expected benefits within the standard cosmology. A measurement of the global (sky-averaged) 21 cm signal to the precision of thermal noise from a 1,000 h integration would yield a measurement within 10% of a combination of cosmological parameters. A 10,000 h integration would improve this measurement to 3.2% and constrain the cosmic helium fraction to 9.9%. Precision cosmology with 21 cm fluctuations requires a collecting area of 10 km$^2$ (corresponding to 400,000 stations), which, with a 1,000 h integration, would exceed the same global case by a factor of $\\sim2$. Enhancing the collecting area or integration time by an order of magnitude would yield a 0.5% parameter combination, a helium measurement five times better than Planck and a constraint on the neutrino mass as good as Planck. Our analysis sets a baseline for upcoming lunar and space-based dark-ages experiments.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08593v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.08593v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"precision-cosmology-with-the-21-cm-signal","repo_url":"https://github.com/dfm/emcee","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}