{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/planck-2018-results-viii-gravitational","title":"Planck 2018 results. VIII. Gravitational lensing","arxiv_id":"1807.06210","date":"2018-07-17","proceeding":null,"authors":["Planck Collaboration","N. Aghanim","Y. Akrami","M. Ashdown","J. Aumont","C. Baccigalupi","M. Ballardini","A. J. Banday","R. B. Barreiro","N. Bartolo","S. Basak","K. Benabed","J. -P. Bernard","M. Bersanelli","P. Bielewicz","J. J. Bock","J. R. Bond","J. Borrill","F. R. Bouchet","F. Boulanger","M. Bucher","C. Burigana","E. Calabrese","J. -F. Cardoso","J. Carron","A. Challinor","H. C. Chiang","L. P. L. Colombo","C. Combet","B. P. Crill","F. Cuttaia","P. de Bernardis","G. de Zotti","J. Delabrouille","E. Di Valentino","J. M. Diego","O. Doré","M. Douspis","A. Ducout","X. Dupac","G. Efstathiou","F. Elsner","T. A. Enßlin","H. K. Eriksen","Y. Fantaye","R. Fernandez-Cobos","F. Forastieri","M. Frailis","A. A. Fraisse","E. Franceschi","A. Frolov","S. Galeotta","S. Galli","K. Ganga","R. T. Génova-Santos","M. Gerbino","T. Ghosh","J. González-Nuevo","K. M. Górski","S. Gratton","A. Gruppuso","J. E. Gudmundsson","J. Hamann","W. Handley","F. K. Hansen","D. Herranz","E. Hivon","Z. Huang","A. H. Jaffe","W. C. Jones","A. Karakci","E. Keihänen","R. Keskitalo","K. Kiiveri","J. Kim","L. Knox","N. Krachmalnicoff","M. Kunz","H. Kurki-Suonio","G. Lagache","J. -M. Lamarre","A. Lasenby","M. Lattanzi","C. R. Lawrence","M. Le Jeune","F. Levrier","A. Lewis","M. Liguori","P. B. Lilje","V. Lindholm","M. López-Caniego","P. M. Lubin","Y. -Z. Ma","J. F. Macías-Pérez","G. 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Zonca"],"abstract":"We present measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential using the final $\\textit{Planck}$ 2018 temperature and polarization data. We increase the significance of the detection of lensing in the polarization maps from $5\\,\\sigma$ to $9\\,\\sigma$. Combined with temperature, lensing is detected at $40\\,\\sigma$. We present an extensive set of tests of the robustness of the lensing-potential power spectrum, and construct a minimum-variance estimator likelihood over lensing multipoles $8 \\le L \\le 400$. We find good consistency between lensing constraints and the results from the $\\textit{Planck}$ CMB power spectra within the $\\rm{\\Lambda CDM}$ model. Combined with baryon density and other weak priors, the lensing analysis alone constrains $\\sigma_8 \\Omega_{\\rm m}^{0.25}=0.589\\pm 0.020$ ($1\\,\\sigma$ errors). Also combining with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data, we find tight individual parameter constraints, $\\sigma_8=0.811\\pm0.019$, $H_0=67.9_{-1.3}^{+1.2}\\,\\text{km}\\,\\text{s}^{-1}\\,\\rm{Mpc}^{-1}$, and $\\Omega_{\\rm m}=0.303^{+0.016}_{-0.018}$. Combining with $\\textit{Planck}$ CMB power spectrum data, we measure $\\sigma_8$ to better than $1\\,\\%$ precision, finding $\\sigma_8=0.811\\pm 0.006$. We find consistency with the lensing results from the Dark Energy Survey, and give combined lensing-only parameter constraints that are tighter than joint results using galaxy clustering. Using $\\textit{Planck}$ cosmic infrared background (CIB) maps we make a combined estimate of the lensing potential over $60\\,\\%$ of the sky with considerably more small-scale signal. We demonstrate delensing of the $\\textit{Planck}$ power spectra, detecting a maximum removal of $40\\,\\%$ of the lensing-induced power in all spectra. The improvement in the sharpening of the acoustic peaks by including both CIB and the quadratic lensing reconstruction is detected at high significance (abridged).","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06210v2","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.06210v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"planck-2018-results-viii-gravitational","repo_url":"https://github.com/carronj/plancklens","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}