{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/performance-power-and-area-design-trade-offs","title":"Performance, Power, and Area Design Trade-offs in Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Beamforming Architectures","arxiv_id":"1807.07201","date":"2018-07-19","proceeding":null,"authors":["Han Yan","Sridhar Ramesh","Timothy Gallagher","Curtis Ling","Danijela Cabric"],"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications is viewed as the key enabler of 5G\ncellular networks due to vast spectrum availability that could boost peak rate\nand capacity. Due to increased propagation loss in mmWave band, transceivers\nwith massive antenna array are required to meet link budget, but their power\nconsumption and cost become limiting factors for commercial systems. Radio\ndesigns based on hybrid digital and analog array architectures and the usage of\nradio frequency (RF) signal processing via phase shifters have emerged as\npotential solutions to improve radio energy efficiency and deliver performances\nclose to conventional digital antenna arrays. In this paper, we provide an\noverview of the state-of-the-art mmWave massive antenna array designs and\ncomparison among three array architectures, namely digital array,\npartially-connected hybrid array (sub-array), and fully-connected hybrid array.\nThe comparison of performance, power, and area for these three architectures is\nperformed for three typical 5G downlink use cases. This is the first study to\ncomprehensively model and quantitatively analyze all design aspects and\ncriteria including: 1) optimal beamforming precoder, 2) quantization accuracy\nin digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and phase shifters, 3) RF signal\ndistribution losses, 4) power and area based on state-of-the-art mmWave\ncircuits including high-speed DACs, mixers, phase shifters, and power\namplifiers. The analysis shows that the hybrid architecture provides marginal,\nif any, benefits over the digital array. It also reveals that sub-array\narchitecture suffers from reduced beamforming gain due to array partitioning,\nwhich has to be compensated with additional transmission power and signal\nprocessing. Fully-connected hybrid architecture is limited by significant RF\nsignal distribution loss and corresponding cost of RF amplifiers needed to\ncompensate this loss.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.07201v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.07201v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"performance-power-and-area-design-trade-offs","repo_url":"https://github.com/yhaddint/MillimeterWaveTxArrayComparison","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"performance-power-and-area-design-trade-offs","repo_url":"https://github.com/yhaddint/mmW_Tx_array_architectures","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"quantization","task_name":"Quantization"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}