{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/particle-detectors-in-curved-spacetime","title":"Particle detectors in curved spacetime quantum field theory","arxiv_id":"1309.7281","date":"2013-09-27","proceeding":null,"authors":["Lee Hodgkinson"],"abstract":"Unruh-DeWitt particle detector models are studied in a variety of time-dependent and time-independent settings. We work within the framework of first-order perturbation theory and couple the detector to a massless scalar field. The necessity of switching on (off) the detector smoothly is emphasised throughout, and the transition rate is found by taking the sharp-switching limit of the regulator-free and finite response function. The detector is analysed on a variety of spacetimes: $d$-dimensional Minkowski, the Ba\\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, the two-dimensional Minkowski half-plane, two-dimensional Minkowski with a receding mirror, and the two- and four-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes. In $d$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, the transition rate is found to be finite up to dimension five. In dimension six, the transition rate diverges unless the detector is on a trajectory of constant proper acceleration, and the implications of this divergence to the global embedding spacetime (GEMS) methods are studied. In three-dimensional curved spacetime, the transition rate for the scalar field in an arbitrary Hadamard state is found to be finite and regulator-free. Then on the Ba\\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole spacetime, we analyse the detector coupled to the field in the Hartle-Hawking vacua, under both transparent and reflective boundary conditions at infinity. Results are presented for the co-rotating detector, which responds thermally, and for the radially-infalling detector. In four-dimensional Schwarzschild spacetime, we proceed numerically, and the Hartle-Hawking, Boulware and Unruh vacua rates are compared. Results are presented for the case of the static detectors, which respond thermally, and also for the case of co-rotating detectors.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.7281v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.7281v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"particle-detectors-in-curved-spacetime","repo_url":"https://github.com/cshallue/hawking-radiation","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}