{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/overview-and-introduction-to-development-of","title":"Overview and Introduction to Development of Non-Ergodic Earthquake Ground-Motion Models","arxiv_id":"2111.07921","date":"2021-11-15","proceeding":null,"authors":["Grigorios Lavrentiadis","Norman A. Abrahamson","Kuehn M. Nicolas","Yousef Bozorgnia","Christine A. Goulet","Anže Babič","Jorge Macedo","Matjaž Dolšek","Nicholas Gregor","Albert R. Kottke","Maxime Lacour","Chenying Liu","Xiaofeng Meng","Van-Bang Phung","Chih-Hsuan Sung","Melanie Walling"],"abstract":"This paper provides an overview and introduction to the development of non-ergodic ground-motion models, GMMs. It is intended for a reader who is familiar with the standard approach for developing ergodic GMMs. It starts with a brief summary of the development of ergodic GMMs and then describes different methods that are used in the development of non-ergodic GMMs with an emphasis on Gaussian Process (GP) regression, as that is currently the method preferred by most researchers contributing to this special issue. Non-ergodic modeling requires the definition of locations for the source and site characterizing the systematic source and site effects; the non-ergodic domain is divided into cells for describing the systematic path effects. Modeling the cell-specific anelastic attenuation as a GP and considerations on constraints for extrapolation of the non-ergodic GMMs are also discussed. An updated unifying notation for non-ergodic GMMs is also presented, which has been adopted by the authors of this issue.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07921v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.07921v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"overview-and-introduction-to-development-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/nhr3-ucla/ngmm_tools","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}