{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/off-fault-damage-characterisation-during-and","title":"Off-fault damage characterisation during and after experimental quasi-static and dynamic rupture in crustal rock from laboratory P-wave tomography and microstructures","arxiv_id":"2007.09687","date":"2020-07-19","proceeding":null,"authors":["Franciscus M. Aben","Nicolas Brantut","Thomas M. Mitchell"],"abstract":"Elastic strain energy released during shear failure in rock is partially spent as fracture energy $\\Gamma$ to propagate the rupture further. $\\Gamma$ is dissipated within the rupture tip process zone, and includes energy dissipated as off-fault damage, $\\Gamma_\\mathrm{off}$. Quantifying off-fault damage formed during rupture is crucial to understand its effect on rupture dynamics and slip-weakening processes behind the rupture tip, and its contribution to seismic radiation. Here, we quantify $\\Gamma_\\mathrm{off}$ and associated change in off-fault mechanical properties during and after quasi-static and dynamic rupture. We do so by performing dynamic and quasi-static shear failure experiments on intact Lanh\\'elin granite under triaxial conditions. We quantify the change in elastic moduli around the fault from time-resolved 3D $P$-wave velocity tomography obtained during and after failure. We measure the off-fault microfracture damage after failure. From the tomography, we observe a localised maximum 25\\% drop in $P$-wave velocity around the shear failure interface for both quasi-static and dynamic failure. Microfracture density data reveals a damage zone width of around 10 mm after quasi-static failure, and 20 mm after dynamic failure. Microfracture densities obtained from $P$-wave velocity tomography models using an effective medium approach are in good agreement with the measured off-fault microfracture damage. $\\Gamma_\\mathrm{off}$ obtained from off-fault microfracture measurements is around 3 kJm$^{2}$ for quasi-static rupture, and 5.5 kJm$^{2}$ for dynamic rupture. We argue that rupture velocity determines damage zone width for slip up to a few mm, and that shear fracture energy $\\Gamma$ increases with increasing rupture velocity.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09687v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09687v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"off-fault-damage-characterisation-during-and","repo_url":"https://github.com/FransMossel/Giles_fracturetracing","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}