{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/octree-gs-towards-consistent-real-time","title":"Octree-GS: Towards Consistent Real-time Rendering with LOD-Structured 3D Gaussians","arxiv_id":"2403.17898","date":"2024-03-26","proceeding":null,"authors":["Kerui Ren","Lihan Jiang","Tao Lu","Mulin Yu","Linning Xu","Zhangkai Ni","Bo Dai"],"abstract":"The recent 3D Gaussian splatting (3D-GS) has shown remarkable rendering fidelity and efficiency compared to NeRF-based neural scene representations. While demonstrating the potential for real-time rendering, 3D-GS encounters rendering bottlenecks in large scenes with complex details due to an excessive number of Gaussian primitives located within the viewing frustum. This limitation is particularly noticeable in zoom-out views and can lead to inconsistent rendering speeds in scenes with varying details. Moreover, it often struggles to capture the corresponding level of details at different scales with its heuristic density control operation. Inspired by the Level-of-Detail (LOD) techniques, we introduce Octree-GS, featuring an LOD-structured 3D Gaussian approach supporting level-of-detail decomposition for scene representation that contributes to the final rendering results. Our model dynamically selects the appropriate level from the set of multi-resolution anchor points, ensuring consistent rendering performance with adaptive LOD adjustments while maintaining high-fidelity rendering results.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17898v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.17898v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"octree-gs-towards-consistent-real-time","repo_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"NOASSERTION"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"nerf","task_name":"NeRF"},{"task_slug":"neural-rendering","task_name":"Neural Rendering"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"set","method_name":"SET"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2403.17898","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2403.17898"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"NOASSERTION"}}],"summary":{"ran_honours":2,"ran":4,"unverified":4},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":10,"ran":6,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":10,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"c56b7ef16f309a45","entry":"gaussian","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils/loss_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/utils/loss_utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"c56b7ef16f309a45"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ac0e42d6fbcfbbe6","entry":"l1_loss","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils/loss_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/utils/loss_utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ac0e42d6fbcfbbe6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"8c3b0f873ba11813","entry":"l2_loss","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils/loss_utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/utils/loss_utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"8c3b0f873ba11813"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"1dab900b2adbe38e","entry":"normalize_activation","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"lpipsPyTorch/modules/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/lpipsPyTorch/modules/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"1dab900b2adbe38e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"cdd00787894554b5","entry":"readImages","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"metrics.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/metrics.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"cdd00787894554b5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"56858e04e6fdb2ff","entry":"read_next_bytes","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"scene/colmap_loader.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/scene/colmap_loader.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran_honours","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"HONOURS","metamorphic_tier":"well_formed","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"56858e04e6fdb2ff"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"07bd0da29c4dc7bb","entry":"get_network","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"lpipsPyTorch/modules/networks.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/lpipsPyTorch/modules/networks.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"07bd0da29c4dc7bb"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b06f27c08cf5d0ca","entry":"get_state_dict","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"lpipsPyTorch/modules/utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/lpipsPyTorch/modules/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b06f27c08cf5d0ca"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6ce64cf0fbcd6bb1","entry":"qvec2rotmat","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"scene/colmap_loader.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/scene/colmap_loader.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6ce64cf0fbcd6bb1"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"659bc4e7e63ed8f9","entry":"rotmat2qvec","repo":"city-super/Octree-GS","repo_kind":"official","path":"scene/colmap_loader.py","file_url":"https://github.com/city-super/Octree-GS/blob/HEAD/scene/colmap_loader.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"659bc4e7e63ed8f9"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}