{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/new-constraints-on-the-bray-conservation-of","title":"New constraints on the Bray conservation-of-momentum natal kick model from multiple distinct observations","arxiv_id":"2208.02407","date":"2022-08-04","proceeding":null,"authors":["S. M. Richards","J. J. Eldridge","M. M. Briel","H. F. Stevance","R. Willcox"],"abstract":"Natal supernova kicks, the linear momentum compact remnants receive during their formation, are an essential part of binary population synthesis (BPS) models. Although these kicks are well-supported by evidence, their underlying distributions and incorporation into BPS models is uncertain. In this work, we investigate the nature of natal kicks using a previously proposed analytical prescription where the strength of the kick is given by $v_\\text{k}=\\alpha\\frac{m_\\text{ejecta}}{m_\\text{remnant}}+\\beta~\\text{km s}^{-1}$, for free parameters $\\alpha$ and $\\beta$. We vary the free parameters over large ranges of possible values, comparing these synthetic populations simultaneously against four constraints: the merger rate of compact binary neutron star (BNS) systems, the period-eccentricity distribution of galactic BNSs, the velocity distribution of single-star pulsars, and the likelihood for low-ejecta mass supernovae to produce low-velocity kicks. We find that different samples of the parameter space satisfy each tests, and only 1 per cent of the models satisfy all four constraints simultaneously. Although we cannot identify a single best kick model, we report $\\alpha=115^{+40}_{-55}~\\text{km s}^{-1}, \\beta=15^{+10}_{-15}~\\text{km s}^{-1}$ as the center of the region of the parameter space that fulfils all of our constraints, and expect $\\beta\\geq0~\\text{km s}^{-1}$ as a further constraint. We also suggest further observations that will enable future refinement of the kick model. A sensitive test for the kick model will be the redshift evolution of the BNS merger rate since this is effectively a direct measure of the delay-time distribution for mergers. For our best fitting values, we find that the peak of the BNS merger rate is the present-day.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.02407v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.02407v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"new-constraints-on-the-bray-conservation-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/krytic/takahe","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}