{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/neural-co-processors-for-restoring-brain","title":"Neural Co-Processors for Restoring Brain Function: Results from a Cortical Model of Grasping","arxiv_id":"2210.11478","date":"2022-10-19","proceeding":null,"authors":["Matthew J. Bryan","Linxing Preston Jiang","Rajesh P N Rao"],"abstract":"Objective: A major challenge in designing closed-loop brain-computer interfaces is finding optimal stimulation patterns as a function of ongoing neural activity for different subjects and objectives. Approach: To achieve goal-directed closed-loop neurostimulation, we propose \"neural co-processors\" which use artificial neural networks and deep learning to learn optimal closed-loop stimulation policies, shaping neural activity and bridging injured neural circuits for targeted repair and rehabilitation. The co-processor adapts the stimulation policy as the biological circuit itself adapts to the stimulation, achieving a form of brain-device co-adaptation. Here we use simulations to lay the groundwork for future in vivo tests of neural co-processors. We leverage a cortical model of grasping, to which we applied various forms of simulated lesions, allowing us to develop the critical learning algorithms and study adaptations to non-stationarity. Main results: Our simulations show the ability of a neural co-processor to learn a stimulation policy using a supervised learning approach, and to adapt that policy as the underlying brain and sensors change. Our co-processor successfully co-adapted with the simulated brain to accomplish the reach-and-grasp task after a variety of lesions were applied, achieving recovery towards healthy function. Significance: Our results provide the first proof-of-concept demonstration of a co-processor for adaptive activity-dependent closed-loop neurostimulation, optimizing for a rehabilitation goal. While a gap remains between simulations and applications, our results provide insights on how co-processors may be developed for learning complex adaptive stimulation policies for a variety of neural rehabilitation and neuroprosthetic applications.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.11478v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.11478v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"neural-co-processors-for-restoring-brain","repo_url":"https://github.com/mmattb/coproc-poc","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok"}}],"tasks":[],"methods":[{"method_slug":"repair","method_name":"Repair"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2210.11478","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}