{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/necola-towards-a-universal-field-level","title":"NECOLA: Towards a Universal Field-level Cosmological Emulator","arxiv_id":"2111.02441","date":"2021-11-03","proceeding":null,"authors":["Neerav Kaushal","Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro","Elena Giusarma","Yin Li","Conner Hawry","Mauricio Reyes"],"abstract":"We train convolutional neural networks to correct the output of fast and approximate N-body simulations at the field level. Our model, Neural Enhanced COLA --NECOLA--, takes as input a snapshot generated by the computationally efficient COLA code and corrects the positions of the cold dark matter particles to match the results of full N-body Quijote simulations. We quantify the accuracy of the network using several summary statistics, and find that NECOLA can reproduce the results of the full N-body simulations with sub-percent accuracy down to $k\\simeq1~h{\\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. Furthermore, the model, that was trained on simulations with a fixed value of the cosmological parameters, is also able to correct the output of COLA simulations with different values of $\\Omega_{\\rm m}$, $\\Omega_{\\rm b}$, $h$, $n_s$, $\\sigma_8$, $w$, and $M_\\nu$ with very high accuracy: the power spectrum and the cross-correlation coefficients are within $\\simeq1\\%$ down to $k=1~h{\\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. Our results indicate that the correction to the power spectrum from fast/approximate simulations or field-level perturbation theory is rather universal. Our model represents a first step towards the development of a fast field-level emulator to sample not only primordial mode amplitudes and phases, but also the parameter space defined by the values of the cosmological parameters.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.02441v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.02441v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"necola-towards-a-universal-field-level","repo_url":"https://github.com/HAWinther/MG-PICOLA-PUBLIC","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"GPL-2.0"}}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2111.02441","mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}