{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/natural-swarms-in-bf-3-99-dimensions","title":"Natural Swarms in $\\bf 3.99$ Dimensions","arxiv_id":"2107.04432","date":"2021-07-09","proceeding":null,"authors":["Andrea Cavagna","Luca Di Carlo","Irene Giardina","Tomas S. Grigera","Stefania Melillo","Leonardo Parisi","Giulia Pisegna","Mattia Scandolo"],"abstract":"The dynamical critical exponent $z$ of natural swarms of insects is calculated using the renormalization group to order $\\epsilon = 4-d$. A novel fixed point emerges, where both activity and inertia are relevant. In three dimensions the critical exponent at the new fixed point is $z = 1.35$, in agreement with both experiments ($1.37 \\pm 0.11$) and numerical simulations ($1.35 \\pm 0.04$).","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.04432v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04432v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"natural-swarms-in-bf-3-99-dimensions","repo_url":"https://github.com/mscandolo/natural_swarm","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}