{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/multiple-imputation-using-chained-equations","title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice","arxiv_id":null,"date":"2010-11-30","proceeding":"Statistics in medicine 30(4):377–399, 2011 2010 11","authors":["Ian R. White","Patrick Royston","Angela M. Wood"],"abstract":"Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) is a flexible and practical approach to handling missing data. We describe the principles of the method and show how to impute categorical and quantitative variables, including skewed variables. We give guidance on how to specify the imputation model and how many imputations are needed. We describe the practical analysis of multiply imputed data, including model building and model checking. We stress the limitations of the method and discuss the possible pitfalls. We illustrate the ideas using a data set in mental health, giving Stata code fragments.","url_abs":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4067","url_pdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sim.4067","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"multiple-imputation-using-chained-equations","repo_url":"https://github.com/stefvanbuuren/mice","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"imputation","task_name":"Imputation"},{"task_slug":"multivariate-time-series-imputation","task_name":"Multivariate Time Series Imputation"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/multivariate-time-series-imputation-on","task":"Multivariate Time Series Imputation","dataset":"Beijing Multi-Site Air-Quality Dataset","model":"MICE","rank_in_archive_order":6,"of":6,"metrics":{"MAE (PM2.5)":"27.42"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multivariate-time-series-imputation-on-kdd","task":"Multivariate Time Series Imputation","dataset":"KDD CUP Challenge 2018","model":"MICE","rank_in_archive_order":4,"of":4,"metrics":{"MSE (10% missing)":"0.468"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multivariate-time-series-imputation-on-1","task":"Multivariate Time Series Imputation","dataset":"PhysioNet Challenge 2012","model":"MICE","rank_in_archive_order":5,"of":9,"metrics":{"MAE (10% of data as GT)":"0.634"},"uses_additional_data":false},{"leaderboard":"/sota/multivariate-time-series-imputation-on-uci","task":"Multivariate Time Series Imputation","dataset":"UCI localization data","model":"MICE","rank_in_archive_order":4,"of":5,"metrics":{"MAE (10% missing)":"0.477"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}