{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/multilingual-code-switching-for-zero-shot","title":"Multilingual Code-Switching for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Intent Prediction and Slot Filling","arxiv_id":"2103.07792","date":"2021-03-13","proceeding":"EMNLP (MRL) 2021 11","authors":["Jitin Krishnan","Antonios Anastasopoulos","Hemant Purohit","Huzefa Rangwala"],"abstract":"Predicting user intent and detecting the corresponding slots from text are two key problems in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). In the context of zero-shot learning, this task is typically approached by either using representations from pre-trained multilingual transformers such as mBERT, or by machine translating the source data into the known target language and then fine-tuning. Our work focuses on a particular scenario where the target language is unknown during training. To this goal, we propose a novel method to augment the monolingual source data using multilingual code-switching via random translations to enhance a transformer's language neutrality when fine-tuning it for a downstream task. This method also helps discover novel insights on how code-switching with different language families around the world impact the performance on the target language. Experiments on the benchmark dataset of MultiATIS++ yielded an average improvement of +4.2% in accuracy for intent task and +1.8% in F1 for slot task using our method over the state-of-the-art across 8 different languages. Furthermore, we present an application of our method for crisis informatics using a new human-annotated tweet dataset of slot filling in English and Haitian Creole, collected during Haiti earthquake disaster.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.07792v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.07792v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"multilingual-code-switching-for-zero-shot","repo_url":"https://github.com/jitinkrishnan/Multilingual-ZeroShot-SlotFilling","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"natural-language-understanding","task_name":"Natural Language Understanding"},{"task_slug":"slot-filling","task_name":"Slot Filling"},{"task_slug":"zero-shot-learning","task_name":"Zero-Shot Learning"},{"task_slug":"slot-filling-1","task_name":"slot-filling"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"mbert","method_name":"mBERT"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2103.07792","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2103.07792"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. 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