{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/multi-unit-directional-measures-of","title":"Multi-Unit Directional Measures of Association: Moving Beyond Pairs of Words","arxiv_id":"2104.01297","date":"2021-04-03","proceeding":null,"authors":["Jonathan Dunn"],"abstract":"This paper formulates and evaluates a series of multi-unit measures of directional association, building on the pairwise {\\Delta}P measure, that are able to quantify association in sequences of varying length and type of representation. Multi-unit measures face an additional segmentation problem: once the implicit length constraint of pairwise measures is abandoned, association measures must also identify the borders of meaningful sequences. This paper takes a vector-based approach to the segmentation problem by using 18 unique measures to describe different aspects of multi-unit association. An examination of these measures across eight languages shows that they are stable across languages and that each provides a unique rank of associated sequences. Taken together, these measures expand corpus-based approaches to association by generalizing across varying lengths and types of representation.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01297v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.01297v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"multi-unit-directional-measures-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/jonathandunn/c2xg","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"segmentation","task_name":"Segmentation"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}