{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/multi-class-classification-without-multi","title":"Multi-class Classification without Multi-class Labels","arxiv_id":"1901.00544","date":"2019-01-02","proceeding":"ICLR 2019 5","authors":["Yen-Chang Hsu","Zhaoyang Lv","Joel Schlosser","Phillip Odom","Zsolt Kira"],"abstract":"This work presents a new strategy for multi-class classification that\nrequires no class-specific labels, but instead leverages pairwise similarity\nbetween examples, which is a weaker form of annotation. The proposed method,\nmeta classification learning, optimizes a binary classifier for pairwise\nsimilarity prediction and through this process learns a multi-class classifier\nas a submodule. We formulate this approach, present a probabilistic graphical\nmodel for it, and derive a surprisingly simple loss function that can be used\nto learn neural network-based models. We then demonstrate that this same\nframework generalizes to the supervised, unsupervised cross-task, and\nsemi-supervised settings. Our method is evaluated against state of the art in\nall three learning paradigms and shows a superior or comparable accuracy,\nproviding evidence that learning multi-class classification without multi-class\nlabels is a viable learning option.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.00544v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.00544v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"multi-class-classification-without-multi","repo_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"classification-1","task_name":"Classification"},{"task_slug":"classification","task_name":"General Classification"},{"task_slug":"multi-class-classification","task_name":"Multi-class Classification"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=1901.00544","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1901.00544"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"unverified":13},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":13,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"04e2b1373940491b","entry":"CIFAR10","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"dataloaders/default.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/dataloaders/default.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"04e2b1373940491b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"655e7fefa594c948","entry":"CIFAR100","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"dataloaders/default.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/dataloaders/default.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"655e7fefa594c948"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"6ca35b5a1987cb0f","entry":"Class2Simi","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"modules/pairwise.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/modules/pairwise.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"6ca35b5a1987cb0f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"51972e121a5dfdc5","entry":"LeNet32","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/lenet.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/lenet.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"51972e121a5dfdc5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"bf066d799e06c289","entry":"LeNetC","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/lenet.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/lenet.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"bf066d799e06c289"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b5ffa7a38f9d609e","entry":"MNIST","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"dataloaders/default.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/dataloaders/default.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b5ffa7a38f9d609e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b7a6bc2d6ab2911e","entry":"PairEnum","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"modules/pairwise.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/modules/pairwise.py","link_basis":"plan_row","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b7a6bc2d6ab2911e"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"060eec02c512a45f","entry":"ResNet18","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/resnet.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/resnet.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"060eec02c512a45f"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"36c13ba356edbc28","entry":"ResNet18S","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/resnet.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/resnet.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"36c13ba356edbc28"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"10e7c9fb11ee37d6","entry":"ResNet34","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/resnet.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/resnet.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"10e7c9fb11ee37d6"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"14e45238d8020ce8","entry":"VGG11","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/vgg.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/vgg.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"14e45238d8020ce8"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a9532ca039537e98","entry":"VGG8","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/vgg.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/vgg.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a9532ca039537e98"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"3d2f9346138279fe","entry":"VGGS","repo":"GT-RIPL/L2C","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/vgg.py","file_url":"https://github.com/GT-RIPL/L2C/blob/HEAD/models/vgg.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"3d2f9346138279fe"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}