{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/moire-attack-ma-a-new-potential-risk-of","title":"Moiré Attack (MA): A New Potential Risk of Screen Photos","arxiv_id":"2110.10444","date":"2021-10-20","proceeding":null,"authors":["Dantong Niu","Ruohao Guo","Yisen Wang"],"abstract":"Images, captured by a camera, play a critical role in training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Usually, we assume the images acquired by cameras are consistent with the ones perceived by human eyes. However, due to the different physical mechanisms between human-vision and computer-vision systems, the final perceived images could be very different in some cases, for example shooting on digital monitors. In this paper, we find a special phenomenon in digital image processing, the moir\\'e effect, that could cause unnoticed security threats to DNNs. Based on it, we propose a Moir\\'e Attack (MA) that generates the physical-world moir\\'e pattern adding to the images by mimicking the shooting process of digital devices. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed digital Moir\\'e Attack (MA) is a perfect camouflage for attackers to tamper with DNNs with a high success rate ($100.0\\%$ for untargeted and $97.0\\%$ for targeted attack with the noise budget $\\epsilon=4$), high transferability rate across different models, and high robustness under various defenses. Furthermore, MA owns great stealthiness because the moir\\'e effect is unavoidable due to the camera's inner physical structure, which therefore hardly attracts the awareness of humans. Our code is available at https://github.com/Dantong88/Moire_Attack.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10444v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.10444v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"moire-attack-ma-a-new-potential-risk-of","repo_url":"https://github.com/Dantong88/Moire_Attack","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2110.10444","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2110.10444","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2110.10444"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"deterministic:regex_extraction","url":"https://github.com/Dantong88/Moire_Attack","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"ran":1,"unverified":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":2,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"9bd4db784f0711e0","entry":"adjust_contrast_and_brightness","repo":"Dantong88/Moire_Attack","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/Dantong88/Moire_Attack/blob/HEAD/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9bd4db784f0711e0"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"83e7640948d1e7ea","entry":"image_folder_custom_label","repo":"Dantong88/Moire_Attack","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils.py","file_url":"https://github.com/Dantong88/Moire_Attack/blob/HEAD/utils.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"83e7640948d1e7ea"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}