{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/midi-ddsp-detailed-control-of-musical-1","title":"MIDI-DDSP: Detailed Control of Musical Performance via Hierarchical Modeling","arxiv_id":"2112.09312","date":"2021-12-17","proceeding":"ICLR 2022 4","authors":["Yusong Wu","Ethan Manilow","Yi Deng","Rigel Swavely","Kyle Kastner","Tim Cooijmans","Aaron Courville","Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang","Jesse Engel"],"abstract":"Musical expression requires control of both what notes are played, and how they are performed. Conventional audio synthesizers provide detailed expressive controls, but at the cost of realism. Black-box neural audio synthesis and concatenative samplers can produce realistic audio, but have few mechanisms for control. In this work, we introduce MIDI-DDSP a hierarchical model of musical instruments that enables both realistic neural audio synthesis and detailed user control. Starting from interpretable Differentiable Digital Signal Processing (DDSP) synthesis parameters, we infer musical notes and high-level properties of their expressive performance (such as timbre, vibrato, dynamics, and articulation). This creates a 3-level hierarchy (notes, performance, synthesis) that affords individuals the option to intervene at each level, or utilize trained priors (performance given notes, synthesis given performance) for creative assistance. Through quantitative experiments and listening tests, we demonstrate that this hierarchy can reconstruct high-fidelity audio, accurately predict performance attributes for a note sequence, independently manipulate the attributes of a given performance, and as a complete system, generate realistic audio from a novel note sequence. By utilizing an interpretable hierarchy, with multiple levels of granularity, MIDI-DDSP opens the door to assistive tools to empower individuals across a diverse range of musical experience.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.09312v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.09312v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"midi-ddsp-detailed-control-of-musical-1","repo_url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"audio-synthesis","task_name":"Audio Synthesis"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":"https://syntology.ai/paper/2112.09312","atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2112.09312","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2112.09312"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-25T09:33:49+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"Apache-2.0"}}],"summary":{"ran":4,"unverified":1},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":5,"ran":4,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"03394de043475181","entry":"get_amplitude","repo":"magenta/midi-ddsp","repo_kind":"official","path":"midi_ddsp/modules/interpretable_conditioning.py","file_url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp/blob/HEAD/midi_ddsp/modules/interpretable_conditioning.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"03394de043475181"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"936245ed54f40909","entry":"get_fake_data_expression_generator","repo":"magenta/midi-ddsp","repo_kind":"official","path":"midi_ddsp/modules/expression_generator.py","file_url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp/blob/HEAD/midi_ddsp/modules/expression_generator.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"936245ed54f40909"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"0d55ea67bd549f98","entry":"get_fake_data_synthesis_generator","repo":"magenta/midi-ddsp","repo_kind":"official","path":"midi_ddsp/modules/get_synthesis_generator.py","file_url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp/blob/HEAD/midi_ddsp/modules/get_synthesis_generator.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"0d55ea67bd549f98"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"f253f9a727e012d5","entry":"random_choose_data","repo":"magenta/midi-ddsp","repo_kind":"official","path":"midi_ddsp/modules/expression_generator_dataset.py","file_url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp/blob/HEAD/midi_ddsp/modules/expression_generator_dataset.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"ran","verification_level":1,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"f253f9a727e012d5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"756c350a59eb9ae8","entry":"get_lang_model_dataset","repo":"magenta/midi-ddsp","repo_kind":"official","path":"midi_ddsp/modules/expression_generator_dataset.py","file_url":"https://github.com/magenta/midi-ddsp/blob/HEAD/midi_ddsp/modules/expression_generator_dataset.py","link_basis":"harvester_set","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"Apache-2.0","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"756c350a59eb9ae8"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}