{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/medical-code-prediction-from-discharge","title":"Medical Code Prediction from Discharge Summary: Document to Sequence BERT using Sequence Attention","arxiv_id":"2106.07932","date":"2021-06-15","proceeding":null,"authors":["Tak-Sung Heo","Yongmin Yoo","Yeongjoon Park","Byeong-Cheol Jo","Kyungsun Kim"],"abstract":"Clinical notes are unstructured text generated by clinicians during patient encounters. Clinical notes are usually accompanied by a set of metadata codes from the International Classification of Diseases(ICD). ICD code is an important code used in various operations, including insurance, reimbursement, medical diagnosis, etc. Therefore, it is important to classify ICD codes quickly and accurately. However, annotating these codes is costly and time-consuming. So we propose a model based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) using the sequence attention method for automatic ICD code assignment. We evaluate our approach on the medical information mart for intensive care III (MIMIC-III) benchmark dataset. Our model achieved performance of macro-averaged F1: 0.62898 and micro-averaged F1: 0.68555 and is performing better than a performance of the state-of-the-art model using the MIMIC-III dataset. The contribution of this study proposes a method of using BERT that can be applied to documents and a sequence attention method that can capture important sequence in-formation appearing in documents.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07932v4","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07932v4.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"medical-code-prediction-from-discharge","repo_url":"https://github.com/HeoTaksung/Document-to-Sequence-BERT","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"tf","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"medical-code-prediction","task_name":"Medical Code Prediction"},{"task_slug":"medical-diagnosis","task_name":"Medical Diagnosis"},{"task_slug":"multi-label-text-classification","task_name":"Multi-Label Text Classification"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"adam","method_name":"Adam"},{"method_slug":"attention","method_name":"Attention"},{"method_slug":"attention-dropout","method_name":"Attention Dropout"},{"method_slug":"bert","method_name":"BERT"},{"method_slug":"dense-connections","method_name":"Dense Connections"},{"method_slug":"dropout","method_name":"Dropout"},{"method_slug":"layer-normalization","method_name":"Layer Normalization"},{"method_slug":"linear-layer","method_name":"Linear Layer"},{"method_slug":"linear-warmup-with-linear-decay","method_name":"Linear Warmup With Linear Decay"},{"method_slug":"multi-head-attention","method_name":"Multi-Head Attention"},{"method_slug":"residual-connection","method_name":"Residual Connection"},{"method_slug":"softmax","method_name":"Softmax"},{"method_slug":"weight-decay","method_name":"Weight Decay"},{"method_slug":"wordpiece","method_name":"WordPiece"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[{"leaderboard":"/sota/multi-label-text-classification-on-mimic-iii-1","task":"Multi-Label Text Classification","dataset":"MIMIC-III-50","model":"D2SBERT using Sequence Attention","rank_in_archive_order":1,"of":2,"metrics":{"Micro-F1":"68.555"},"uses_additional_data":false}],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}