{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/mapping-the-sun-s-upper-photosphere-with","title":"Mapping the Sun's upper photosphere with artificial neural networks","arxiv_id":"2101.11445","date":"2021-01-27","proceeding":null,"authors":["Hector Socas-Navarro","Andres Asensio Ramos"],"abstract":"We have developed an inversion procedure designed for high-resolution solar spectro-polarimeters, such as Hinode/SP or DKIST/ViSP. The procedure is based on artificial neural networks trained with profiles generated from random atmospheric stratifications for a high generalization capability. When applied to Hinode data we find a hot fine-scale network structure whose morphology changes with height. In the middle layers this network resembles what is observed in G-band filtergrams but it is not identical. Surprisingly, the temperature enhancements in the middle and upper photosphere have a reversed pattern. Hot pixels in the middle photosphere, possibly associated to small-scale magnetic elements, appear cool at the log(tau_500)=-3 and -4 level, and viceversa. Finally, we find hot arcs on the limb side of magnetic pores, which we interpret as the first direct observational evidence of the \"hot wall\" effect in temperature.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11445v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.11445v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"mapping-the-sun-s-upper-photosphere-with","repo_url":"https://github.com/hsocasnavarro/Paper_SNAR21","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}