{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/llm-as-os-llmao-agents-as-apps-envisioning","title":"LLM as OS, Agents as Apps: Envisioning AIOS, Agents and the AIOS-Agent Ecosystem","arxiv_id":"2312.03815","date":"2023-12-06","proceeding":null,"authors":["Yingqiang Ge","Yujie Ren","Wenyue Hua","Shuyuan Xu","Juntao Tan","Yongfeng Zhang"],"abstract":"This paper envisions a revolutionary AIOS-Agent ecosystem, where Large Language Model (LLM) serves as the (Artificial) Intelligent Operating System (IOS, or AIOS)--an operating system \"with soul\". Upon this foundation, a diverse range of LLM-based AI Agent Applications (Agents, or AAPs) are developed, enriching the AIOS-Agent ecosystem and signaling a paradigm shift from the traditional OS-APP ecosystem. We envision that LLM's impact will not be limited to the AI application level, instead, it will in turn revolutionize the design and implementation of computer system, architecture, software, and programming language, featured by several main concepts: LLM as OS (system-level), Agents as Applications (application-level), Natural Language as Programming Interface (user-level), and Tools as Devices/Libraries (hardware/middleware-level). We begin by introducing the architecture of traditional OS. Then we formalize a conceptual framework for AIOS through \"LLM as OS (LLMOS)\", drawing analogies between AIOS and traditional OS: LLM is likened to OS kernel, context window to memory, external storage to file system, hardware tools to peripheral devices, software tools to programming libraries, and user prompts to user commands. Subsequently, we introduce the new AIOS-Agent Ecosystem, where users can easily program Agent Applications (AAPs) using natural language, democratizing the development of software, which is different from the traditional OS-APP ecosystem. Following this, we explore the diverse scope of Agent Applications. We delve into both single-agent and multi-agent systems, as well as human-agent interaction. Lastly, drawing on the insights from traditional OS-APP ecosystem, we propose a roadmap for the evolution of the AIOS-Agent ecosystem. This roadmap is designed to guide the future research and development, suggesting systematic progresses of AIOS and its Agent applications.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03815v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.03815v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"llm-as-os-llmao-agents-as-apps-envisioning","repo_url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/aios","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"NOASSERTION"}},{"paper_slug":"llm-as-os-llmao-agents-as-apps-envisioning","repo_url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/aios.server","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null},{"paper_slug":"llm-as-os-llmao-agents-as-apps-envisioning","repo_url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/eccos","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-17","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}},{"paper_slug":"llm-as-os-llmao-agents-as-apps-envisioning","repo_url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/litecua","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-16","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}},{"paper_slug":"llm-as-os-llmao-agents-as-apps-envisioning","repo_url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/omnirouter","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-17","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"ai-agent","task_name":"AI Agent"},{"task_slug":"language-modelling","task_name":"Language Modelling"},{"task_slug":"large-language-model","task_name":"Large Language Model"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2312.03815","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.03815"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/omnirouter","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-17","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/eccos","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-17","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/aios.server","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/litecua","reach":{"status":"gone","observed_at":"2026-09-16","how":"tree_404+repo_404"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/aios","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"NOASSERTION"}}],"summary":{"ran_draft_wrong":1},"by_repo_kind":{"listed":{"samples":1,"ran":1,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"f82a3b8685260218","entry":"add_framework_adapter","repo":"agiresearch/aios.server","repo_kind":"listed","path":"aios/community/adapter.py","file_url":"https://github.com/agiresearch/aios.server/blob/HEAD/aios/community/adapter.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"f82a3b8685260218"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}