{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/learning-to-cluster-faces-via-confidence-and","title":"Learning to Cluster Faces via Confidence and Connectivity Estimation","arxiv_id":"2004.00445","date":"2020-04-01","proceeding":"CVPR 2020 6","authors":["Lei Yang","Dapeng Chen","Xiaohang Zhan","Rui Zhao","Chen Change Loy","Dahua Lin"],"abstract":"Face clustering is an essential tool for exploiting the unlabeled face data, and has a wide range of applications including face annotation and retrieval. Recent works show that supervised clustering can result in noticeable performance gain. However, they usually involve heuristic steps and require numerous overlapped subgraphs, severely restricting their accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a fully learnable clustering framework without requiring a large number of overlapped subgraphs. Instead, we transform the clustering problem into two sub-problems. Specifically, two graph convolutional networks, named GCN-V and GCN-E, are designed to estimate the confidence of vertices and the connectivity of edges, respectively. With the vertex confidence and edge connectivity, we can naturally organize more relevant vertices on the affinity graph and group them into clusters. Experiments on two large-scale benchmarks show that our method significantly improves clustering accuracy and thus performance of the recognition models trained on top, yet it is an order of magnitude more efficient than existing supervised methods.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00445v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.00445v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"learning-to-cluster-faces-via-confidence-and","repo_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}},{"paper_slug":"learning-to-cluster-faces-via-confidence-and","repo_url":"https://github.com/espectre/GCNs_on_imbalanced_datasets","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"paper_slug":"learning-to-cluster-faces-via-confidence-and","repo_url":"https://github.com/xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap","is_official":0,"mentioned_in_paper":0,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"clustering","task_name":"Clustering"},{"task_slug":"connectivity-estimation","task_name":"Connectivity Estimation"},{"task_slug":"face-clustering","task_name":"Face Clustering"},{"task_slug":"retrieval","task_name":"Retrieval"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2004.00445","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2004.00445"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/espectre/GCNs_on_imbalanced_datasets","reach":{"status":"ok"}},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap","reach":null},{"provenance":"external:paperswithcode_snapshot_2025-07-28","url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","reach":{"status":"ok","spdx":"MIT"}}],"summary":{"ran_violates":1,"ran_draft_wrong":1,"unverified":13},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":12,"ran":0,"repositories":1},"listed":{"samples":3,"ran":2,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":3,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"9e5b9ebb30a1dab5","entry":"l2norm","repo":"xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap","repo_kind":"listed","path":"face-cluster-by-infomap.py","file_url":"https://github.com/xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap/blob/HEAD/face-cluster-by-infomap.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_violates","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"VIOLATES","metamorphic_tier":"invariant","behaviour_fingerprint":true,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"9e5b9ebb30a1dab5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"b91ea1291400178a","entry":"read_meta","repo":"xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap","repo_kind":"listed","path":"face-cluster-by-infomap.py","file_url":"https://github.com/xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap/blob/HEAD/face-cluster-by-infomap.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"ran_draft_wrong","verification_level":1,"contract_check":"OUTPUT_MISDECLARED","metamorphic_tier":"deterministic","behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"b91ea1291400178a"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"d1e42462952f4277","entry":"batch_processor","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"dsgcn/train_cluster_det.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/dsgcn/train_cluster_det.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"d1e42462952f4277"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"2a4fdc4d0c86bc3b","entry":"build_index","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"baseline/aro.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/baseline/aro.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"2a4fdc4d0c86bc3b"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"61d9d93a5700b210","entry":"calculate_symmetric_dist_row","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"baseline/aro.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/baseline/aro.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"61d9d93a5700b210"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"671fbde87ae2e949","entry":"compute_avg_size","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"proposals/stat_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/proposals/stat_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"671fbde87ae2e949"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"f011ce5a79dd2638","entry":"coverage","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"proposals/stat_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/proposals/stat_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"f011ce5a79dd2638"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"49ed6fe34473d065","entry":"create_neighbor_lookup","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"baseline/aro.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/baseline/aro.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"49ed6fe34473d065"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a8370c85b9562d48","entry":"filter_clusters","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils/misc_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/utils/misc_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a8370c85b9562d48"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"60febb59c4639544","entry":"get_cluster_idxs","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"utils/misc_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/utils/misc_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"60febb59c4639544"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"a5cd7a9c6072f6ec","entry":"get_majority","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"proposals/stat_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/proposals/stat_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"a5cd7a9c6072f6ec"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"7fd66383242447ba","entry":"intdict2ndarray","repo":"xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap","repo_kind":"listed","path":"face-cluster-by-infomap.py","file_url":"https://github.com/xiaoxiong74/face-cluster-by-infomap/blob/HEAD/face-cluster-by-infomap.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"NONE","inline_ok":false,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"7fd66383242447ba"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"fc332f32dc148ea5","entry":"kmeans","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"baseline/sklearn_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/baseline/sklearn_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"fc332f32dc148ea5"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"ce7e06b25832df77","entry":"mini_batch_kmeans","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"baseline/sklearn_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/baseline/sklearn_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"ce7e06b25832df77"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"073c0bbb90ff55ad","entry":"spectral","repo":"yl-1993/learn-to-cluster","repo_kind":"official","path":"baseline/sklearn_cluster.py","file_url":"https://github.com/yl-1993/learn-to-cluster/blob/HEAD/baseline/sklearn_cluster.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"073c0bbb90ff55ad"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}