{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/learning-the-prediction-distribution-for-semi","title":"Learning the Prediction Distribution for Semi-Supervised Learning with Normalising Flows","arxiv_id":"2007.02745","date":"2020-07-06","proceeding":null,"authors":["Ivana Balažević","Carl Allen","Timothy Hospedales"],"abstract":"As data volumes continue to grow, the labelling process increasingly becomes a bottleneck, creating demand for methods that leverage information from unlabelled data. Impressive results have been achieved in semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image classification, nearing fully supervised performance, with only a fraction of the data labelled. In this work, we propose a probabilistically principled general approach to SSL that considers the distribution over label predictions, for labels of different complexity, from \"one-hot\" vectors to binary vectors and images. Our method regularises an underlying supervised model, using a normalising flow that learns the posterior distribution over predictions for labelled data, to serve as a prior over the predictions on unlabelled data. We demonstrate the general applicability of this approach on a range of computer vision tasks with varying output complexity: classification, attribute prediction and image-to-image translation.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.02745v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.02745v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"learning-the-prediction-distribution-for-semi","repo_url":"https://github.com/ibalazevic/lp-ssl","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"attribute","task_name":"Attribute"},{"task_slug":"classification","task_name":"General Classification"},{"task_slug":"image-classification","task_name":"Image Classification"},{"task_slug":"image-to-image-translation","task_name":"Image-to-Image Translation"},{"task_slug":"normalising-flows","task_name":"Normalising Flows"},{"task_slug":"translation","task_name":"Translation"},{"task_slug":"image-classification","task_name":"image-classification"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}