{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/learning-emphasis-selection-for-written-text","title":"Learning Emphasis Selection for Written Text in Visual Media from Crowd-Sourced Label Distributions","arxiv_id":null,"date":"2019-07-01","proceeding":"ACL 2019 7","authors":["Amirreza Shirani","Franck Dernoncourt","Paul Asente","Nedim Lipka","Seokhwan Kim","Jose Echevarria","Thamar Solorio"],"abstract":"In visual communication, text emphasis is used to increase the comprehension of written text to convey the author{'}s intent. We study the problem of emphasis selection, i.e. choosing candidates for emphasis in short written text, to enable automated design assistance in authoring. Without knowing the author{'}s intent and only considering the input text, multiple emphasis selections are valid. We propose a model that employs end-to-end label distribution learning (LDL) on crowd-sourced data and predicts a selection distribution, capturing the inter-subjectivity (common-sense) in the audience as well as the ambiguity of the input. We compare the model with several baselines in which the problem is transformed to single-label learning by mapping label distributions to absolute labels via majority voting.","url_abs":"https://aclanthology.org/P19-1112","url_pdf":"https://aclanthology.org/P19-1112.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"learning-emphasis-selection-for-written-text","repo_url":"https://github.com/RiTUAL-UH/emphasis-2019","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"common-sense-reasoning","task_name":"Common Sense Reasoning"},{"task_slug":null,"task_name":"valid"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}