{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/kuro-siwo-12-1-billion-m-2-under-the-water-a","title":"Kuro Siwo: 33 billion $m^2$ under the water. A global multi-temporal satellite dataset for rapid flood mapping","arxiv_id":"2311.12056","date":"2023-11-18","proceeding":null,"authors":["Nikolaos Ioannis Bountos","Maria Sdraka","Angelos Zavras","Ilektra Karasante","Andreas Karavias","Themistocles Herekakis","Angeliki Thanasou","Dimitrios Michail","Ioannis Papoutsis"],"abstract":"Global floods, exacerbated by climate change, pose severe threats to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. Recent catastrophic events in Pakistan and New Zealand underscore the urgent need for precise flood mapping to guide restoration efforts, understand vulnerabilities, and prepare for future occurrences. While Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing offers day-and-night, all-weather imaging capabilities, its application in deep learning for flood segmentation is limited by the lack of large annotated datasets. To address this, we introduce Kuro Siwo, a manually annotated multi-temporal dataset, spanning 43 flood events globally. Our dataset maps more than 338 billion $m^2$ of land, with 33 billion designated as either flooded areas or permanent water bodies. Kuro Siwo includes a highly processed product optimized for flood mapping based on SAR Ground Range Detected, and a primal SAR Single Look Complex product with minimal preprocessing, designed to promote research on the exploitation of both the phase and amplitude information and to offer maximum flexibility for downstream task preprocessing. To leverage advances in large scale self-supervised pretraining methods for remote sensing data, we augment Kuro Siwo with a large unlabeled set of SAR samples. Finally, we provide an extensive benchmark, namely BlackBench, offering strong baselines for a diverse set of flood events from Europe, America, Africa, Asia and Australia.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12056v3","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.12056v3.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"kuro-siwo-12-1-billion-m-2-under-the-water-a","repo_url":"https://github.com/Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"humanitarian","task_name":"Humanitarian"}],"methods":[{"method_slug":"set","method_name":"SET"}],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":"https://app.syntology.ai/?focus=2311.12056","mcp":{"get_harvested_code_for_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.12056"}},"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers","read_at":"2026-09-24T18:15:14+00:00","read_at_is":"when the build read Syntology's graph, not when any sample ran","claim":"Per-sample execution status on synthesized fixtures; not a correctness claim about the paper. Samples come from repositories linked to the paper, official or community; repo_kind says which.","repos":[{"provenance":"deterministic:regex_extraction","url":"https://github.com/Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo","reach":null}],"summary":{"unverified":2},"by_repo_kind":{"official":{"samples":2,"ran":0,"repositories":1}},"repo_kind_vocabulary":{"official":"The archive marks this repository official for the paper","named_in_paper":"The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official","listed":"In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper","found_in_text":"Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted","community":"Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested"},"n_pointer_only_for_licence":0,"samples":[{"code_sha256_prefix":"029ddb9f588a3af3","entry":"initialize_cd_model","repo":"Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/model_utilities.py","file_url":"https://github.com/Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo/blob/HEAD/models/model_utilities.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"029ddb9f588a3af3"}},{"code_sha256_prefix":"fb9d00f3197a9aad","entry":"initialize_recurrent_model","repo":"Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo","repo_kind":"official","path":"models/model_utilities.py","file_url":"https://github.com/Orion-AI-Lab/KuroSiwo/blob/HEAD/models/model_utilities.py","link_basis":"first_harvest_node","language":"python","status":"unverified","verification_level":0,"contract_check":null,"metamorphic_tier":null,"behaviour_fingerprint":false,"licence":"MIT","inline_ok":true,"mcp_get_code":{"code_sha256":"fb9d00f3197a9aad"}}]},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}