{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/kids-viking-gama-halo-occupation","title":"KiDS+VIKING+GAMA: Halo occupation distributions and correlations of satellite numbers with a new halo model of the galaxy-matter bispectrum for galaxy-galaxy-galaxy lensing","arxiv_id":"2204.02418","date":"2022-04-05","proceeding":null,"authors":["Laila Linke","Patrick Simon","Peter Schneider","Daniel J. Farrow","Jens Rödiger","Angus H. Wright"],"abstract":"Halo models and halo occupation distributions (HODs) are important tools to model the galaxy and matter distribution. We present and assess a new method for constraining the parameters of HODs using the gravitational lensing shear around galaxy pairs, galaxy-galaxy-galaxy-lensing (G3L). In contrast to galaxy-galaxy-lensing, G3L is sensitive to correlations between the per-halo numbers of galaxies from different populations. We use G3L to probe these correlations and test the default hypothesis that they are negligible. We derive a halo model for G3L and validate it with realistic mock data from the Millennium Simulation and a semi-analytic galaxy model. Then, we analyse public data from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), the VISTA Infrared Kilo-Degree Galaxy Survey (VIKING) and data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly Survey (GAMA) to infer the HODs of galaxies at $z<0.5$ in five different stellar mass bins between $10^{8.5}h^{-2} M_\\odot$ and $10^{11.5}h^{-2} M_\\odot$ and two colours (red and blue), as well as correlations between satellite numbers. The analysis recovers the true HODs in the simulated data within the $68\\%$ credibility range. The inferred HODs vary significantly with colour and stellar mass. There is also strong evidence ($>3\\sigma$) for correlations, increasing with halo mass, between the numbers of red and blue satellites and galaxies with stellar masses below $10^{10} \\Msun. Possible causes of these correlations are the selection of similar galaxies in different samples, the survey flux limit, or physical mechanisms like a fixed ratio between the satellite numbers of distinct populations. The decorrelation for halos with smaller masses is probably an effect of shot noise by low-occupancy halos. The inferred HODs can be used to complement galaxy-galaxy-lensing or galaxy clustering HOD studies or as input to cosmological analyses and improved mock galaxy catalogues.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02418v1","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.02418v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"links_only","authors_date_abstract":"arXiv metadata, CC0 1.0 (https://info.arxiv.org/help/license), from the Kaggle arXiv metadata snapshot of 2026-09-12"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"kids-viking-gama-halo-occupation","repo_url":"https://github.com/llinke1/g3lhalo","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}