{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/inclusion-of-domain-knowledge-into-gnns-using","title":"Inclusion of Domain-Knowledge into GNNs using Mode-Directed Inverse Entailment","arxiv_id":"2105.10709","date":"2021-05-22","proceeding":null,"authors":["Tirtharaj Dash","Ashwin Srinivasan","A Baskar"],"abstract":"We present a general technique for constructing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) capable of using multi-relational domain knowledge. The technique is based on mode-directed inverse entailment (MDIE) developed in Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). Given a data instance $e$ and background knowledge $B$, MDIE identifies a most-specific logical formula $\\bot_B(e)$ that contains all the relational information in $B$ that is related to $e$. We represent $\\bot_B(e)$ by a \"bottom-graph\" that can be converted into a form suitable for GNN implementations. This transformation allows a principled way of incorporating generic background knowledge into GNNs: we use the term `BotGNN' for this form of graph neural networks. For several GNN variants, using real-world datasets with substantial background knowledge, we show that BotGNNs perform significantly better than both GNNs without background knowledge and a recently proposed simplified technique for including domain knowledge into GNNs. We also provide experimental evidence comparing BotGNNs favourably to multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) that use features representing a \"propositionalised\" form of the background knowledge; and BotGNNs to a standard ILP based on the use of most-specific clauses. Taken together, these results point to BotGNNs as capable of combining the computational efficacy of GNNs with the representational versatility of ILP.","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.10709v2","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10709v2.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"inclusion-of-domain-knowledge-into-gnns-using","repo_url":"https://github.com/tirtharajdash/BotGNN","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":1,"framework":"pytorch","reach":null}],"tasks":[{"task_slug":"form","task_name":"Form"},{"task_slug":"inductive-logic-programming","task_name":"Inductive logic programming"}],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}