{"about":{"site":"https://codewithpapers.app","non_affiliation":"Code with Papers and Syntology are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Papers with Code, Meta, or the pwc-archive mirror.","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","attribution":"https://codewithpapers.app/attribution","modified":"archive material modified by Syntology; see the attribution page"},"url":"/paper/hybrid-spreading-mechanisms-and-t-cell","title":"Hybrid spreading mechanisms and T cell activation shape the dynamics of HIV-1 infection","arxiv_id":"1503.08992","date":"2015-03-31","proceeding":null,"authors":[],"abstract":"HIV-1 can disseminate between susceptible cells by two mechanisms: cell-free\ninfection following fluid-phase diffusion of virions and by highly-efficient\ndirect cell-to-cell transmission at immune cell contacts. The contribution of\nthis hybrid spreading mechanism, which is also a characteristic of some\nimportant computer worm outbreaks, to HIV-1 progression in vivo remains\nunknown. Here we present a new mathematical model that explicitly incorporates\nthe ability of HIV-1 to use hybrid spreading mechanisms and evaluate the\nconsequences for HIV-1 pathogenenesis. The model captures the major phases of\nthe HIV-1 infection course of a cohort of treatment naive patients and also\naccurately predicts the results of the Short Pulse Anti-Retroviral Therapy at\nSeroconversion (SPARTAC) trial. Using this model we find that hybrid spreading\nis critical to seed and establish infection, and that cell-to-cell spread and\nincreased CD4+ T cell activation are important for HIV-1 progression. Notably,\nthe model predicts that cell-to-cell spread becomes increasingly effective as\ninfection progresses and thus may present a considerable treatment barrier.\nDeriving predictions of various treatments' influence on HIV-1 progression\nhighlights the importance of earlier intervention and suggests that treatments\neffectively targeting cell-to-cell HIV-1 spread can delay progression to AIDS.\nThis study suggests that hybrid spreading is a fundamental feature of HIV\ninfection, and provides the mathematical framework incorporating this feature\nwith which to evaluate future therapeutic strategies.","url_abs":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.08992v1","url_pdf":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.08992v1.pdf","source":{"archive":"pwc-archive (Hugging Face), CC BY-SA 4.0","snapshot":"2025-07-28","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","row_kind":"abstracts"},"code_links":[{"paper_slug":"hybrid-spreading-mechanisms-and-t-cell","repo_url":"https://github.com/mleoking/leotaskapp","is_official":1,"mentioned_in_paper":1,"mentioned_in_github":0,"framework":"none","reach":null}],"tasks":[],"methods":[],"datasets_introduced":[],"methods_introduced":[],"results":[],"syntology":{"syntology_url":null,"atlas_url":null,"mcp":null,"developers":"https://syntology.ai/developers"},"arxiv_metadata":null,"syntology_extracted_results":null}